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1、主语从句,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Cl
2、ause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,Grammar,3. To find your way can be a problem.,2. Smoking is bad for you.,1. You are a student.,4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.,5 .What she said is not yet known.,6. That we shall be late is certain.,7. It is certain that we shall be late
3、.,Subject（主语）,A sentence served as subject is called Subject Clause.,主语从句 定义：主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That people cut down too man
4、y trees destroyed the balance of nature. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,.,It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not.,Subject,Formed Subject,Whether the solid shape would last or not was not cle
5、ar.,Real,引导主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.,Conclusion:,if,If,注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:,1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible. _ _ 2.That they should like each other is natural. _,*it为形式主语,It is natural that they should like eac
6、h other.,It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识 *_(很遗憾)we lost the match. *_(这是事实)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fa
7、ct that,2) It is + adj. +从句 Its certain that 肯定 It is possible that. 很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能 It is obvious that 很明显 It is necessary important natural. that *_(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *_(很明显)this measure is effective.,+(should) +do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,主语从句的虚拟语气,表 “应该，
8、惊讶、惋惜、遗憾”等意义 It is important /natural /necessary/impossible/strange that. 谓语形式为:should + V.原形 , should可省略。 eg. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 It is strange that_. 我们做足够的运动很重要。 重要的是我们应该做足够的运动 It is important that we should do enough sports.,he should not come,表示“据建议、据要求、据命令” It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ co
9、mmanded/ insisted/required that 谓语形式:should + V.原形 , should可省略. 据命令，所有乘客必须接受搜查 _all the passengers_.,It was ordered that,(should) be searched,3) It +不及物动词+从句 It happened that. 碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 *_(刚好)I came into the office at that time. *_(我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened
10、that,It occurred to me that,4) It + be +过去分词+从句 It is said that. 据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知 It is reported that. 据报道 It is believed that.据信;人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议 It must be admitted that必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是 *_(据报道)20 people we
11、re killed in the accident. *_(建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,5)“无关紧要（的是）” It doesnt matter It makes no difference 翻译：一个人是否富有无关紧要 _ one is wealthy or not.,It doesnt matter whether,It makes no difference whether,+主语从句,：They should like ea
12、ch other is natural. ：That they should like each other is natural. ：It is natural that they should like each other.,：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. ：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,T or F questions,2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What many scientists beli
13、eve is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win the first is uncertain.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is no
14、t decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.,Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.,1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.,3.( we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.,2.( they will arrive )has been to
15、ld to the teacher.,What,When/How,Where/whether,4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.,7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.,Who,Whether,That,6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.,Why,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why / who /wh
