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1、Unit 1 How can we become good learners?语法一.介词by的用法1.by意为“通过”，其后常接名词或动词-ing形式。用来表示“以、通过、用（某种方法或手段）”而达到某种预期的目的，常用来回答how引导的特殊疑问句。by doing sth意为“通过做某事”How does the boy improve his spoken English?By talking with a foreigner. (1)How do you learn English so well? chatting with my uncle in America online.A.
2、 By B. With C. In D.And(2)Jackson studied Chinese by _ tapes.A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listening to 2.by+时间，意为“不迟于，在之前”I have to go to bed by ten oclock.3.by+地点，意为“在旁”Jim sat down by the window.4.by+交通工具，意为“乘”I go to school by bike.5.由by构成的固定短语：by the way顺便说一下 by oneself独自=alon
3、e二.现在完成时的用法(一)用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果.常用的标志词有already(“已经”,用于肯定句),yet(“还,已经”，用于否定句和疑问句),ever（“曾经”）,never（“绝不，从不”）,just（“刚刚”）,before（“以前”）,once（“一次”）,twice（“两次”）.I have already eaten the dinner.（说明我现在饱了）。I have already seen the film.(1)You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. mee
4、t B. will meet C. have met (2)Hi,guys.Where are you heading(向行进) now? Home.We all our money,so we have to walk home now.A. spend B.spent C. have spent D.are spending(3)Have you ever seen him _?A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now2.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态，一直持续到现在。经常与时间状语for+时间段,since+时间点或一般过去时从句, 如：fo
5、r five minutes（5分钟）since 1985（自从1985年一直到现在）.since he was five years old（自从他是五岁的时候一直到现在）现在完成时的标志语还有so far“到目前为止”注意：此时谓语动词要用延续性动词，若是非延续性动词要变成延续性动词。leave-be away borrow-keep buy-have begin-be on die-be deadjoin-be a member of go/come-be in open-be open become-beI have waited for you for three hours.我一直
6、等你等了三个小时。He has been away for a month.他已经离开一个月了。（has been away不能用has left）Her brother has been a member of army for three years.（has been a member of army不能用has joined army）Han Mei has kept the book since last week.（has kept不能用has borrowed）(1)I my hometown for a long time.I really miss it.A. left B.
7、went away from C. have left D.have been away from(2)How do you like your English teacher?He is great.We all love him.We friends since three years ago.A. were B.have made C. have been D.have become(3)Anna,you Chinese is good. have you been in China?Since I was ten.A.How long B.How far C. How often D.
8、How soon(4)Has the movie begun? Yes, it _ for five minutes.A. has begun B. began C. has been on(二)现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句的构成1.现在完成时的肯定句的构成是:主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他. (have用于各种人称,has用于第三人称单数)He has already posted the letter.(他已经寄了那封信)2.现在完成时的否定句的构成是:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他.He hasnt posted the letter yet.他还没
9、有寄那封信（注意：否定句中要把already变成yet） 3.现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成是:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他. 肯定回答是Yes，主语+have/has 否定回答是No，主语+havent/hasntHas he posted the letter yet? Yes,he has/No,he hasnt(三)have/has gone to 与have/has been to 的区别1.have/has gone to 意为“已经去地方了（还没回来，不在说话人所在的地方）”Where is Li Lei? He has gone to school.2.have/h
10、as been to 意为“曾经去过地方（已回来）Where have you been? I have been to the library.(1)She isnt at the cinema now because she the library.A.has been to B.have been to C.has gone to D.have gone to(2)I think the man over there must be Bob.It be him.He has to Australia.A. cant;gone B.cant;been C. may not;been D.m
11、ustnt;gone(3)Have you ever been to Canada?Yes,I there last year with my parents.A. have been B.have gone C. went D.go(4) Where is Jhon? He _ the supermarket.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has goneSection A1.ask for sth 索要某物 ask sb for sth“向某人索要某物” He asked his mother for some money.(1)He always as
12、ks me advice whatever he does.A. for B. on C. of(2)She wrote to her friend and information about computer programming.A. asked for B. went for C. cared for D.paid for2.the way to do sth=the way of doing sth.“做某事的方法”3.区分watch,see,read和look(1)watch强调看正在运动或变化的事物。多指看电视、录像、比赛、表演等。 (2)see用于看电影，We saw a wo
13、nderful film yesterday.另外see侧重于结果，指“看见，看到” Can you see the bird in the tree?(3)read意为“看”时，指“阅读；朗读”，后面接书、报纸、杂志等。He likes reading storybooks.(4) look 强调“看”的过程，后面接宾语，则用look at. Look at the blackboard,please. Look! The boy is watching the football game.His father is seeing a film,and his mother is readi
14、ng a newspaper.(1)Jim has many books.He likes them very much.A.reading B.seeing C.looking D.watching(2) ! Yao Ming is in the basketball game.Lets it.A.Look;look B.Watch;watch C.Look;watch D.Watch;look4.have conversations with sb.“和某人交谈” He had conversations with his son yesterday.5. What about? =How
15、 about?意为“怎么样”或“好不好？”接代词宾格或动词-ing。 I think this is a good idea.What about you? What about visiting the East Lake?We dont have much homework this weekend.Can we go out together?OK.What about a movie?A. to see B.seeing C. see D. sees6.aloud“大声地，出声地” read aloud 朗读loudly“大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹，不悦耳。The boys are talking_ in th
