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1、1This is the VOA Special English Health Report.No one wants a pilot to make a mistake. This is why flight crews are trained in teamwork and communication. Now a study finds hospitals that trained their operating room teams had a lower rate of surgical deaths than other hospitals.SURGEON: Well need a
2、 patch in the room, is there a patch available?This team has been trained to communicate about the operation and the patient before, during and after the surgery.SURGEON: Are there any concerns or questions from the team? Anybody? No?The study involved more than one hundred American veterans hospita
3、ls. Some had taken part in a program of medical team training.Researcher Julia Neily, a Veterans Administration nurse, says the training seeks to empower each team member, including technicians.JULIA NEILY: One of the key elements here was flattening the hierarchy in the operating room so that every
4、body, the scrub tech, the nurse, the surgeon, the anesthesiologist, whomever it is in the operating room could bring up any concerns they had about the patient.And the more training, the better the chances that a patient would survive.JULIA NEILY: The group that had the training initially had a fift
5、y percent greater reduction in their mortality rate and that was greater reduction than the control group, the group that didnt have the training initially.Study co-author James Bagian is a Veterans Administration doctor.JAMES BAGIAN: Better communications by briefings and debriefings that are guide
6、d by checklists enhance teamwork.DOCTOR: Were there any difficulties or anything for anesthesia?ANESTHESIOLOGIST: No.The study is in this weeks Journal of the American Medical Association.At first, some team members questioned the value of the communication training. But another new study shows how
7、a lack of communication can lead to mistakes like operating on the wrong site or the wrong patient.Since two thousand four, hospitals and surgical offices in the United States have had a universal protocol. For example, they are supposed to mark the surgical site and perform a time-out immediately b
8、efore the procedure.The study looked at records of a company that provides liability insurance to six thousand doctors in Colorado.The doctors reported twenty-five cases involving the wrong patient between January of two thousand two and June of two thousand eight. Five patients suffered serious har
9、m.Surgeons and other doctors also reported one hundred seven cases involving the wrong site. More than one-third led to serious harm. One patient died.The researchers blamed most of the wrong-site cases on errors in judgment or a lack of a time-out. But they say errors in communication were at least
10、 one cause of all the patient mix-ups involving the wrong patient.Doctor Philip Stahel at the Denver Health Medical Center led the study in the Archives of Surgery.And thats the VOA Special English Health Report, available online at voa special English .com.We arealso on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube a
11、nd iTunes at VOA Learning English. Im Steve Ember.3,Economic growth for July through September fell to 9.6 percent in China, down from 10.3 percent in the second quarter.Sheng Laiyun, a spokesman from Chinas National Bureau of Statistics, says the figures show a year-on-year increase of 10.6 percent
12、, 2.5 percentage points higher than the same period last year. The figures show the Chinese economy remains strong, and despite fears from many economists, is far from overheating.The consumer price index rose 3.6 percent in September, up slightly from 3.5 percent in August. However, it remains well
13、 above the target for the year of 3 percent.On Tuesday, the central bank raised interest rates, in a move many economists say was intended to gently cool the economy and get a firm grip on inflation.The Chinese economy peaked in the first quarter, when it expanded by an annual 11.9 percent.Jinny Yan
14、, an economist Standard Chartered Bank, says she is happy to see that the Chinese economy is not overheating.A 9.6 percent growth is in our view much more sustainable and we think it is a healthy growth pace compared to the first quarters of this year, she noted. What it means is that the economy ha
15、s now stabilized. It has recovered. Now it is more about concentrating on the other risks, for example inflation or asset price inflation in the economy.The interest rate increase and the slowing growth may ease pressure from overseas for China to allow its currency to appreciate. Several countries,
16、 including the United States, complain that Chinas yuan is kept unfairly weak to give Chinese exports a market advantage. China says it will gradually adopt a more flexible exchange rate policy, to keep its economy growing, but the yuan has strengthened only about 2.5 percent in recent months. Many economists and international policy analysts have said they expect China to face new demands about th
