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1、Section Grammar & Writing语法图解探究发现I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.We have a car park for both our visitors and our students who drive.The boy whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.We watched the play Teahouse which was written by Lao
2、She.The film which I watched yesterday is very moving.The teacher that we met yesterday will give us a talk.我的发现分析上面句子中黑体部分在从句中所作的成分(1)例句中的whose在从句中作定语。(2)例句中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。(3)例句中的黑体词在从句中作主语。一、定语从句概述在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词；引导定语从句的词是关系词。引导定语从句的关系代词有which, that, who, whom, whos
3、e等，它们可以在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。The woman who is standing by the classroom is our English teacher.站在教室旁边的那位女士是我们的英语老师。二、定语从句的先行词定语从句的先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分。从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语和整个主句；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语、补语和整个主句。下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布：即时演练1找出下列句中的定语从句的先行词Is this the book which your father bought for you
4、? the_bookWho is the man that is speaking to your mother? the_manThis is the boy whose handwriting is the best in our class. the_boyDo you know the professor who will give us a talk? the_professorThe student who/that is answering the question is John. The_student三、关系代词的用法1that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通
5、常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时常可省略。This is the book. I want to read it.This is the book (that) I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语)即时演练2使用定语从句合并句子，并指出关系词that在从句中作什么成分This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house that_Lu_Xun_once_lived_in.(that在定语从句中作宾语)Jack is no longer a la
6、zy boy.He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is no longer a lazy boy that_he_used_to_be.(that在定语从句中作表语)The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom.The boy that_is_studying_in_the_classroom is Tom.(that在定语从句中作主语)2which的用法which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，偶尔作定语。My favorite place is Kunming. Kunming is known as t
7、he Spring City. My favorite place is Kunming which is known as the Spring City.我最喜欢的地方是昆明，它以“春城”而闻名。(which指代Kunming，在定语从句中充当主语)即时演练3完成句子这就是那个年轻人最近读的那本书。This is the book that/which_has_been_read recently by that young man.出租车是你可以租用的小汽车。A taxi is a car that/which_you_can_hire.3who的用法who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或
8、宾语，作宾语时可省略。The tall man is Xiao Ming. Xiao Ming is playing basketball.The tall man who is playing basketball is Xiao Ming.正在打篮球的那个很高的人是肖明。(who指代The tall man，在定语从句中充当主语)即时演练4写出下面句子中who作什么成分Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly. 宾语Those who break the law shall be punished. 主语4whom的用法whom指人
9、，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。This is the girl. I met the girl in the street.This is the girl whom I met in the street.这就是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语)即时演练5翻译句子大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。The_man_whom_everyone_likes_is_kind.刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。The_boy_whom/that/who_I_talked_to_just_now_is_my_brother.5whose的用法 whose既可指人也可
10、指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。I have read the book. I like its characters very much.I have read the book whose characters (of which the character) I like very much.我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语)即时演练6(1)用适当的关系代词填空Yesterday I met a student whose sister knows you.Have
11、 you found the book which/that you lost last week?The man who/whom/that you met at the airport is a famous actor.I have a good friend whose name is Liu Mei.(2)用定语从句合并句子She has a brother. I dont know his name.She has a brother whose_name_I_dont_know.Id like a room.Its window looks out over the sea.Id
12、 like a room whose_window_looks_out_over_the_sea.6关系代词that与which的区别情况用that还是which先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰that先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰that先行词前有the very, the only等修饰that先行词既指人也指物that关系代词前面有介词which句中已经出现过that或which交替使用即时演练7选词填空：which, thatIs there anything else that you require?The last place that we visit
13、ed was the Great Wall.He talked happily about the men and books that interested him greatly in the school.Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?Ive read all the books that were borrowed from the library.The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.Here is the
14、 book about which I told you yesterday.Chost is the most moving film that I have ever seen.四、关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。The man (whom/who) you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。Is there anything (that) I can do for you?有什么我能为你效劳的吗？即时演练8请用正确的关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词Those who learn not only fro
15、m books but also through practice will succeed.All the apples that fell down were eaten by the pigs.This is the biggest laboratory (that) we have ever built in our school.Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is blue.He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their studies.Who was the woman (that) you were talking with?The place that/which interested me most was the Childrens Palace.He still lives in the room whose
