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1、Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe Section Grammar-复习名词性从句语法图解探究发现What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.Its wellknown thatthe ancient Chinese invented the rocket.We think it probablethat he is dead.The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained howg
2、ravity worked.They insistedthat everyone (should) come to the party.The proposalthat we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.I have no idea when she will be back.The question remains whetherthey will be able to help us.The problem is who we can get to replace
3、her.我的发现(1)句为主语从句，句为宾语从句，句为同位语从句，句为表语从句。(2)句中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，句中的引导词为连接代词，句中的引导词为连接副词。(3)句中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。(4)句中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。(5)句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词1that(1)that只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全
4、靠运气。John said thathe was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。(2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。The teacher told the students (that) they should
5、hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。The factthat he has fully recovered makes me feel good.他已痊愈，真令我高兴。2whether/if(1)if，whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。(2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列
6、情况下，只可用whether：whether引导主语从句并放在句首。引导表语从句。whether从句作介词宾语。从句后有“or not”。后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我
7、们是否有足够的钱。即时演练1用that/whether/if填空 That the college will take in more new students this year is true.Whether he can finish this task on time is of great importance.The students asked the question if/whether the book was worth reading.Let me know whether or not you can come.I dont know if/whether he st
8、ill lives there after so many years.We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.He has made it clear that he will not give in.3疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：(1)疑问词保留自己
9、的疑问含义；(2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。Do you know whom they are looking for?你知道他们在找谁吗？I dont know whodid it.我不知道这是谁干的。即时演练2选词填空I have no idea why Mike refused an offer from Yale University; thats one of his favorite universities.These shoes look very good. I wonder how muc
10、h they cost.When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.If it is what we need, we will buy it.The problem is who we can get to solve this question.A straw shows which way the wind blows.Have you decided whom you are to elect as your assistant?I wonder whose this is.I dont know
11、where Lu Xun once lived.4whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever引导名词性从句的用法whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever, whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever anything that, whoever anyone who。I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。Whoever breaks the rul
12、es will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。即时演练3选词填空Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it.I dont believe in letting children do whatever they like.He was free to marry whomever he chose.Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句1that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。It it quite clea
13、r that the whole project is doomed to failure.很显然，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pitythat you should have to leave.你非离开不可，这真是件遗憾事。2whether/who/what .等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。Itit not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做那项工作。Itis still unknown which team will win the match.还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。3动词find, feel,
14、 consider, make, believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。I thinkit best that you should stay here.我认为你最好待在这儿。4有些动词如：have, take (认为), put (表达), like, see to等形式宾语itthat从句。I likeit that you came.你来了，我很高兴。I take it (that) he will come on time.我认为他会准时来的。5表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy, hate, love, like, disli
15、ke, appreciate, prefer等itwhen (if) 从句。I like it when people are open and straight.我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。I really appreciate it when she offered to help.如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。I would preferit if you would not use such a mocking tone.如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。即时演练4单句语法填空 I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.It is doubtful
