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1、Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Section Grammar 动词不定式和but不定式语法图解探究发现Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms. There was nothing to be done.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. When a sandstorm arrives
2、in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.It is difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. My job is to teach. I can do nothing but wait at home. She has no choice but to give in.我的发现(1)句中，不定式在句中分别充当宾语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语、
3、状语和表语。句中，it为形式宾语；句中，it为形式主语。(2)由句可知，不定式的否定式为not_to_do。由句可知，不定式的被动式为to_be_done。(3)由句可知，不定式在介词but后面时，如果but之前有行为动词do的各种形式，则介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。一、动词不定式(一)动词不定式的时态和语态语态时态主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done1不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。I hope to see you next we
4、ek.我希望下周能见到你。Id like to be told whats going on.我希望被告知正在发生什么。2不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打电话来时，我恰巧正在看电视。3不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。They seem to have cleaned the house.他们似乎已经打扫过这个房子了。The factory is reported to have been burnt down.据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。即时演练1用所
5、给词的适当形式填空He pretended to_have_fallen (fall) asleep when little Tom came to him. The student seems to_have_caught (catch) a cold because of the bad weather. He seems to_be_thinking (think) about the question right now.The question to_be_discussed (discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution.(二)动词不定式的语法功
6、能1作主语 To master a foreign language is necessary. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很有必要。名师点津当动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。2作表语 (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。(2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。(3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或是what引导的名词性从句，不
7、定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。My job is to drive them to the company every day. 我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。To see is to believe. 眼见为实。即时演练2(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 To_get (get) to Guiyang by bus will take us four hours from Fenggang. Dannys homework is to_write (write) a poem. (2)翻译句子 晚起不是好习惯。To_get_up_late_is_not_a_good_habit._It_i
8、s_not_a_good_habit_to_get_up_late._要成为医生很难。It_is_hard_to_be_a_doctor._我的愿望是去太空。My_wish_is_to_go_to_space._3作宾语 She promised to give him a chance. 她许诺给他一次机会。巧学助记用动词不定式作宾语的动词：三个希望两答应：hope， wish， want， agree， promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand， ask， refuse设法学会做决定：manage， learn， decide不要假装在选择：pretend， choose打算提出俩计划：
9、intend， offer， plan， mean申请失败负担起：apply， fail， afford准备愿望又碰巧：prepare， desire， happen即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空I had hoped to_send (send) him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but I didnt manage it. When his mother came in, the boy pretended to_be_reading (read). Having failed in the driving test
10、twice, he decided not_to_take (not take) it again. If you want to_go (go) with us, you should be ready by eight oclock.4作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语，常用于下列动词后：ask, cause, call, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell等。The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老师建议我们先休息。名师点津(1)在“五看
11、(see, watch, observe, notice, look at)三使(make, let, have)两听(hear, listen to)一感(feel)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但当以上动词用于被动语态时需要带to。(2)help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可带to也可不带to，即help sb. (to) do sth.。The boss made his men work all the night.老板让他的工人整夜工作。5作定语(1)不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。The car to be bought is for his
12、sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。(2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。The Greens have a comfortable house to live in.格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。(3)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。(4)有些名词的同根词跟不定式，因而它
13、们也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有：promise, plan, offer, decision, ability, warning等。She said she had no plans to go there.她说她没有去那里的打算。即时演练4(1)单句语法填空 The teacher asked us to_finish (finish) our homework. I felt someone open (open) my door. He was the first one to_think (think) of the idea. The manager is the last to_c
14、ome (come) to the meeting. (2)完成句子 Please listen to me sing_the_song_again. 请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。You cant let the child stand_in_the_sun. 你不能让那孩子站在太阳底下。We need someone to_help_with_the_work. 我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。I am looking for a room to_live_in.我正在找一间屋子住。 6作状语(1)不定式作状语表示目的、原因和结果。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。She reads ChinaDail
15、y every day to improve her English.为了提高英语，她每天读中国日报。Im glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。(2)不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果，常在不定式前面加上only。I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.我匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。(3)“形容词/副词enough不定式”结构中，不定式也表示结果。The boy is old enough to go to school.那个小男孩足够大，可以上学了。(4)“too . to .”结构常表示“太而不能”，但too之前如果有only，则不定式表肯定。因为only too表示“非常，很”。He is too weak to do the work.他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。(5)too后如果是happy,
