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1、Module 4 Great Scientists Section Grammar-复习被动语态和byv语法图解探究发现Rice is also grown in many other Asian countries.Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.The research was supported by the government.In Pakistan rice will be grown in many parts of the country.The new hybr
2、id rice has been developedby the Yuan Longping Hightech Agricultural Company of China.The shop closesat 6：00 pm every day.The apple tastesgood.The new product by the company sells well.Open the door by windingthe handle.People usually greet each other by shaking hands.我的发现(1)句采用了一般现在时的被动语态，其构成形式为：am
3、/is/aredone。(2)句采用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成形式为：was/weredone。(3)句分别用了一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。(4)句中谓语动词以主动形式表示被动意义。(5)句中，byv.ing形式表示通过方式。一、被动语态被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。1各种时态的被动语态的构成(1)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is/aredoneBefore you leave the lab，make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are
4、 shut.在你离开实验室之前，要确保电源被切断，窗户被关好。(2)一般过去时被动语态的构成：was/weredoneThe foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。(3)一般将来时被动语态的构成：shall/willbedoneMore space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。(4)现在进行时被动语态的构成：am/is/arebeingdoneThey are liv
5、ing with their parents for the moment because their own house is being rebuilt.他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。(5)过去进行时被动语态的构成：was/were beingdoneAfter school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it was being decorated.放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。(6)现在完成时被动语态的构成：has/have bee
6、ndoneLi Hua has been elected monitor of our class to take the place of Ma Li.李华已取代马丽，被选为我班班长。(7)过去完成时被动语态的构成：had beendoneWhen we got on the spot of the accident, we were told that the injured had been sent to the nearest hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。(8)将来完成时被动语态的构成：will/shallhave beendoneOn
7、 her next birthday, Ann will have been married for twenty years.到下一次过生日的时候，安结婚就要满二十年了。(9)含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词bedoneThe boy feels hot on the forehead, so he must be sent to hospital at once.这个男孩的额头摸起来发热，所以必须被立刻送往医院。即时演练1用所给词的被动语态填空(2016江苏高考改编)More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years
8、 ahead to accelerate the supplyside structure reform.(2015北京高考改编)Did you enjoy the party?Yes，we were_treated (treat) well by our hosts.(2015天津高考改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has_been_reached (reach) so far by the two sides.(2014天津高考改编)We wont start the work until all the prep
9、arations have_been_made (make)Why dont we choose that road to save time?The bridge to it is_being_repaired (repair)2使用被动语态时应注意的情况(1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(take place, break out, come true, belong to, date from, happen等)。A fire broke out in his house yesterday.昨天他家着火了。(2)含有介词或副词的及物动词短语变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可省略(look
10、 after, look for, take care of, put off, break into等)。The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里被照顾得很好。(3)带复合宾语(宾语宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾语补足语(在被动语态中叫作主语补足语)放在动词之后。We always keep the classroom clean and tidy.The classroom is always kept clean and tidy by us.我们总是保持教室干净而且
11、整洁。名师点津see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to，但当主动语态变为被动语态时，不定式符号to必须加上。A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My walletwas seen to dropby a girl when she passed by.一个姑娘路过时看到我的钱包掉了。即时演练2完成句子The game takes_place every four years in a different country.这种活动每四年在不
12、同的国家举行一次。Many interesting experiments are_carried_out in our laboratory.我们在实验室做了许多有趣的实验。He is_often_heard_to_play the guitar.我们经常听到他弹吉他。The old temple dates_from the Ming Dynasty.那座古庙起源于明朝。3主动形式表示被动意义的用法(1)某些连系动词，如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等，可用主动形式表示被动意义，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。That dog
13、looks dangerous.那只狗看起来很危险。(2)某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词，如：lock, shut, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut，drink，eat等常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些词后常有副词修饰，如well，easily等。The cloth washes well and is comfortable to wear.这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很舒服。(3)need, require, want, deserve等词，当主语为物时，接动名词的主动形式，表示被动意义
14、，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The flowers need watering or they will die.The flowers need to be wateredor they will die.这些花需要浇水，否则它们会死。(4)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The picturebook is well worth reading.这本图画书很值得一读。(5)在“主语be形容词(for sb.)to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的形容词有：easy,
15、 hard, difficult, important, interesting，strange，impossible，comfortable，dangerous等。This article is difficult to read. I need someone to explain it to me.这篇文章很难读懂，我需要一个人给我解释一下。(6)不定式作定语修饰名词，与前面的名词有动宾关系，且句中有不定式的逻辑主语时，用动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lot of homeworkto do this afternoon.今天下午我有很多的家庭作业要做。Please give me something to eat.请给我些东西吃。(7)某些动词不定式如to blame, to let等，作表语时用主动形式表示被动意义。The boy wasto blame for what he had done.这个男孩为他的所作所为受到了批评(责备)。即时演练3用所给词的
