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1、Module 1 Basketball Section Grammar-构词法语法图解探究发现He was named their most valued player five times.Lets have a swim.We will try our best to better our living conditions.The girl in black appears very beautiful.我的发现(1)句中，name通常为名词，此处用作动词。(2)句中，swim通常为动词，此处用作名词。(3)句中，better通常为形容词，此处用作动词。(4)句中，black通常为形容词
2、，此处用作名词。(5)中，黑体部分为前缀；中，黑体部分为后缀。前者一般不会改变一个词的词性，后者往往改变一个词的词性。一、词的转化1概念：由一种词类转化为另一种词类，称为词的转化。2常见的词类转化形式：(1)名词转化为动词book n书v.预订；预约dust n灰尘，尘埃v.打扫film n电影；影片v.拍电影；拍摄fish n鱼v.钓鱼mail n邮件v.邮寄；发送seat n座位v.使就座，容纳ship n船v.用船运送；遣送shoulder n肩膀v.负责任，肩负，承担train n火车v.训练，培养water n水v.浇水We should shoulder these respons
3、ibilities.我们应当担负起这些责任。(2)动词转化为名词dress v(给)穿衣服n.连衣裙dream v做梦n.梦look v看；寻找n.看；神色love v爱，喜欢n.爱；爱人plant v种植n.植物；工厂smell v闻到n.气味study v学习；研究n.学习；研究；书房bet v下赌注n.打赌；赌注swim v游泳n.游泳try v尝试n.尝试kick v踢n.踢；踢脚work v工作n.工作In the beginning, John did good work at school.开始时约翰在学校的成绩不错。名师点津由动词转化而来的名词常与 give, have, ma
4、ke, take 等动词搭配来表示一个动作。give a kick踢have a swim 游泳make a bet 打赌(3)形容词转化为动词dirty adj.脏的v.(使)变脏dry adj.干燥的v.擦干，(使)变干empty adj.空的v.倒空free adj.自由的v.释放narrow adj.狭窄的v.(使)变窄slow adj.缓慢的v.(使)减速quiet adj.安静的vt.使平静；使安心The room gradually quieted down.屋里慢慢静了下来。(4)形容词转化为名词chemical adj.化学的n.化学制品，化学药品daily adj.每天的n
5、.日报final adj.最后的n.决赛native adj.当地的n.当地人quiet adj.安静的n.宁静；平静total adj.总的n.总数right adj.正确的n.正确wrong adj.错误的n.错误，坏事He didnt know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非对错。即时演练1写出下列黑体单词的词性和词义He knew the answer to the question.n.答案The hall can seat two thousand people.v.容纳Those who do wrong should b
6、e punished.n.坏事Wash and dry your hands before you eat meal.v.擦干(5)其他词类转化情况out adv.往外，向外n.托词；出路south n南方adv.向南，朝南up adv.在上面n.增长upstairs n楼上adv.在楼上Come down to us we cant hear you upstairs.下来到我们这儿来，你在楼上我们听不清楚。即时演练2完成句子The case has_been_emptied for these books.箱子已经被倒空用来装这些书。It will free_us_of a whole l
7、ot of debt.它会使我们摆脱巨额债务。She slowed_the_car and began driving up a narrow road.她放慢车速，开始驶上一条狭窄的道路。Jeremy wants some peace_and_quiet before his big match.杰里米希望在大赛来临之前能享受到些许平静和安宁。The companies have a_total_of 776 employees.这些公司总计有776名员工。Parents and children should communicate more to_narrow_the_gap betwe
8、en them so that they can understand each other better.家长们和孩子们应该多交流以缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能更好地了解彼此。二、词的派生1概念：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的方法叫派生法。2常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， non， un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失correct正确的incorrect不正确的lead带领mislead引入歧途stop停下nonstop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有
9、：a(多构成表语形容词), anti(反对；抵抗), auto(自动), co(共同), en(使), inter(互相), re(再；又), sub(下面的；次；小), tele(强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的Internet互联网subway地铁telephone电话autochart自动图表enjoy使高兴reuse再使用，重复使用cooperate合作即时演练3根据汉语提示，运用所学前缀知识写出正确的单词agreedisagree (不同意)abilityinability (无能；无力)understandmisunderstand (误解；误会)profitn
10、onprofit (非营利的)socialantisocial (反社会的)dependinterdependent (相互依赖的)setreset (调整；重新设置)dangerendanger (使遭危险)3常用后缀(1)名词后缀形式意义举例age表状态、性质shortage (缺乏)ance/ence指行为、状态performance (演出，表演)dom指性质、状态freedom (自由)ee表某物的承受者employee (雇员), trainee (实习生)er/or指人的身份worker (工人), bachelor (单身汉)ess指人的身份hostess (女主人)ese表示
11、国籍Chinese (中国人)hood表身份、性质neighborhood (邻里)，manhood (男子气概)ian指人的身份musician (音乐家)ion/tion表情况、状态fashion (时髦), tradition (传统)ist从事的人dentist (牙科医生)ment指行为、状态amusement (娱乐)ness表状态、性质kindness (仁慈)ship表状态、技能hardship (苦难), workmanship (工艺)即时演练4用所给词的适当形式填空The lady is one of the greatest novelists (novel) aliv
12、e.The governor (govern) was leaving a meeting with US officials when he was shot.Its difficult to tell the difference (different) between the two words.She hoped that her son would become a musician (music)The teacher was pleased with her honesty (honest)(2)形容词后缀形式意义举例al具有性质的personal (个人的)，regional
13、(地区的)en有性质的golden (金色的)，woolen (毛的)ful充满的helpful (有帮助的)，fearful (可怕的)able/ible可的readable (可读的)，accessible (可接近的)ive有作用的productive (生产的)，active (积极主动的)ly像某种举止/性格/外貌般的friendly (友好的)，orderly (整齐的)ous充满的dangerous (危险的)，famous (著名的)some引起/产生的troublesome (令人烦恼的)，tiresome (令人讨厌的)即时演练5写出下列单词的形容词形式naturenatu
14、ralfoolfoolishgoldgoldencarecarefulexciteexcited/excitingenjoyenjoyable(3)动词后缀en (使成为、变得), fy (使得、变成), is (z) e(成为、使)widewiden加宽， beautybeautify美化， realrealize意识到， organorganize组织(4)副词后缀ly (以方式), wards (向方向)directdirectly直接地， ononwards向前即时演练6完成句子He came up with a program to_beautify_the_nations_highways.他提出了一个美化国内公路的计划。The city is_widening the street.该城市正在拓宽这条街
