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1、学 海 无 涯 The Dutch boy mopping up a sea of plastic 荷兰男子制造“海洋吸尘器”清理海洋塑料垃圾,“When I was 16 years old, I was scuba diving (水肺潜水) in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, 25, an engineer who designed the worlds first ocean plastic cle
2、anup system. Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. Every day, plastic items, fishing equipment, and ship parts are dumped (倾倒) into the seas. These can take up to 500 years to decompose (分解) . If left alone, sea animals becom
3、e entangled (缠绕的) in them and can even die if the plastics are ingested (摄入). Worse, humans can be affected when these plastics break down. “Smaller pieces enter the food chain, and thats a food chain,1,2,学 海 无 涯 that includes us humans,” Slat said. In 2018, the World Economic Forum predicted that t
4、he weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this grim ( 令 人 沮 丧 的 ) reality, Slat created The Ocean Cleanup, an environmental NGO, in 2013 and put his plan for an ocean plastic cleanup device (设备) into action. After years of research and develo
5、pment in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastic on Oct 2, 2019. The device uses a 600-meter-long “C” shaped tube to gather all the floating debris (垃圾). Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which
6、 allows waste to flow into and stay within the device. A sea anchor (锚) is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster-moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using
7、 a 3-meter-deep skirt (挡板) attached to the end. After being gathered, the trash will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled. In a news conference, Slat said, “In a few years we will have the full-scale fleet (舰队) out there.” Currently, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a
8、n area that is three times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50 percent of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in five,3,学 海 无 涯,years. It remains to be seen if this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work t
9、ogether to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused. “We are starting to see a young generation that gets that and is excited about a sustainable ( 可 持 续 的 ) future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done befor
10、e we get there?” Slat said. （节选自 Telegraph） What do the first four paragraphs mainly talk about? Slats scuba diving experiences in Greece. Slats research on ocean environments. How ocean environment relates to humans. How Slat got the idea for an environmental NGO. What do we know about System 001/B
11、? Its a cleanup device put into use last October. It collects and recycles garbage at the same time. It can only collect waste that floats in water. It aims to clear the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in a decade. What does Slat intend to tell us according to the last paragraph? He is positive about th
12、e future of the ocean. It is hard to repair the damage to the environment.,4,学 海 无 涯 Humans should work hard to reduce plastic pollution. The younger generation lacks environmental awareness. 译文： “当我 16 岁的时候，我在希腊进行水肺潜水，但我感到失望的是，因 为我看到的塑料袋比鱼还要多。”这就是 25 岁的博扬斯拉特的话。第一 个海洋塑料清理系统。 根据联合国环境规划署的数据，每年有超过 800
13、万吨的塑料最终进入 我们的海洋。每天，塑料物品，捕鱼设备和船舶零件都被倾倒入海。这些可 能需要多达 500 年的时间才能分解。 如果放任不管，海洋动物就会纠缠在其中，甚至在摄入塑料的情况下也 可能死亡。更糟糕的是，当这些塑料分解时，人类会受到影响。斯拉特说： “更小的零件进入了食物链，这就是包括我们人类在内的食物链。” 在 2018 年，世界经济论坛预测，到 2050 年，海洋塑料的重量将与我 们海洋中所有鱼类的重量相匹配。为防止这种令人沮丧的现实，Slat 创立 了环保非政府组织The Ocean Cleanup，在 2013 年将他的海洋塑料清理装 置（设备）计划付诸实施。 在荷兰进行了多
14、年的研发之后，一种名为 System 001 / B 的设备于 2019 年 10 月 2 日成功开始收集塑料。该设备使用 600 米长的“ C”形管收 集所有漂浮的垃圾（垃圾）。 与其他清理方法不同，系统会根据波浪的方向 自由漂浮，从而使废物流入并留在设备中。 一个海锚附接到任一端。当系统漂浮在水中时，这会减慢系统的速度， 并允许波浪携带的移动速度更快的垃圾流入其嘴中。系统 001 / B 还可以,5,学 海 无 涯 使用附着在末端的 3 米深裙边（挡板）收集表面以下的废物。收集后，垃圾 将通过船拖回岸上并进行回收。 斯拉特在新闻发布会上说：“几年后，我们将拥有完整的舰队。” 目前，该系统在
15、大太平洋垃圾场运行，该区域的面积是法国的三倍。一 旦投入使用，海洋清理工作预计整个船队将能够在五年内清除大太平洋垃 圾场的 50。 这个梦想是否会成真还有待观察，但是不可否认的是，人类必须共同努 力减少塑料的使用并修复我们的废物造成的破坏。 “我们开始看到年轻的一代能够做到这一点，并对可持续的可持续发 展感到很棒，但问题仍然归结为：我们的发展速度是否足够快，以及在我们 获得成功之前将遭受多少损失？斯莱特说。 背景信息： The plastic we use every day ends up in three main ways in the oceans: Throwing plastic
16、in the bin when it could be recycled Plastic you put in the bin ends up in a landfill (填埋地). When transported to a landfill, plastic is often blown away because its so lightweight. Littering Litter dropped on the street doesnt stay there. Rainwater and wind carry plastic waste into streams and rivers, and down drains (下水道). Drains lead to the ocean. Products that go down the drain Many of the products we use daily are flushed (冲) down toilets and sinks,6,学 海 无 涯 then out into the ocean. 我们每天使用
