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1、第八章主谓一致,主谓一致讲解 一、语法一致 主语是单数形式，谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数。 1and连接的两个名词作主语，若表示不同的人或物，谓语用复数；若表示同一个人或物，谓语用单数，此时，后一个名词前一般不用冠词。,【例1】 Bread and butter _ healthful food. Ais Bare 答案A 【例2】 The poet and writer _ produced many works. Ahas Bhave 答案A,2and连接的并列主语是单数，且前面有every，each，no，many a等词修饰时，谓语用单数。 【例3】 Each boy a
2、nd (each)girl _ been invited to the party. Ahas Bhave 答案A,3both.and连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语一般用复数。 【例4】 Both Tom and Mark _ my friends. Ais Bare 答案B,4不定代词either，neither，each，one，the other，another，someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everything，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等
3、作主语时，谓语常用单数。,【例5】 Either of the two ways _ right. Ais Bare 答案A,5主语是“Athan / with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / not / but / including / plus / besides / in addition toB”结构时，谓语须与A保持一致。 【例6】 Jane together with her parents _ to the park every day. Ago Bgoes 答案
4、B,5主语是“Athan / with / as well as / along with / together with / like / rather than / except / not / but / including / plus / besides / in addition toB”结构时，谓语须与A保持一致。 【例6】 Jane together with her parents _ to the park every day. Ago Bgoes 答案B,7(百)分数作主语时，若(百)分数后面为单数名词，谓语用单数；若(百)分数后面为复数名(代)词，谓语用复数。 【例8】
5、 Three fourths of the members in the club _ men. Ais Bare 答案B,8a quantity / an amount of，quantities / amounts of作主语，谓语一般根据quantity/ amount的单复数来定。 【例9】 Quantities of money _ needed to equip the school. Ais Bare 答案B,9“many a单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上为复数，谓语却用单数。 【例10】 Many a professor _ looking forward to visitin
6、g Germany. Ais Bare 答案A,10“more than one单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上为复数，谓语却用单数。 【例11】 More than one student _ been sent to Japan. Ahas Bhave 答案A,11the rest of，the part of，the majority of，most of，half of等表部分概念的词作主语，谓语应与of后的名(代)词一致。 【例12】 The rest of the books _ on the desk and the rest of the money _ in the bag.
7、Ais；are Bare；is Cis；is Dare；are 答案B,12“the number of名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，表示“的数目”；“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数，表示“许多”。 【例13】 The number of the teachers _ greatly increased. Ais Bare 答案A,13不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓语常用单数。 【例14】 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(2010湖南) Ais
8、 Bare Chas Dhave 答案C,14“a单数名词or two”作主语时，谓语通常用单数；“one or two复数名词”作主语时，谓语通常用复数。 【例15】 A student or two _ playing on the ground. Ais Bare 答案A 【例16】 One or two students _ absent from class. Awas Bwere 答案B,15“the姓氏的复数”(指一家人、夫妻等)作主语，谓语常用复数。 【例17】 The Smiths _ to church every Sunday. Ago Bgoes 答案A 16each作
9、主语或作主语的定语时，谓语用单数，但each作主语的同位语时，谓语须用复数。 【例18】 Each of the students _ a dictionary. Ahas Bhave 答案A,【例19】 The students each _ a dictionary. Ahas Bhave 答案B,17“This / That / The kind / sort / type of复数名词”作主语时，谓语一般用单数；“复数名词of this / that kind / sort / type”作主语时，谓语一般用复数。 【例20】 Questions of that kind _ diff
10、icult to answer. Ais Bare 答案B,18一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣服、工具等作主语时，谓语常用复数，如：glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，compasses，chopsticks，scissors等。但这些名词前受“a / this pair of”等修饰时，谓语一般用单数。 【例21】 A pair of shoes _ under the bed. Ais Bare 答案A,二、意义一致 谓语的变化以主语所表达的单、复数概念来定。 1none作主语时，如果指不可数名词，谓语用单数；如果指可数名词，谓语用单复数均可。 【例22】 Jim
11、my has used up all the money.None _ left. Ais Bare 答案A,2all作主语时，如果指人，谓语一般用复数；如果指情况，谓语一般用单数。 【例23】 All _ present besides the professor. Ais Bare 答案B,3当“the形容词或分词”作主语时，如果表“一类人”，谓语常用复数；如果指一个人或表示抽象概念时，谓语常用单数。 【例24】 The wounded _ been carried to hospital already. Ahas Bhave 答案B 【例25】 The beautiful _ not
12、always the same as the good. Ais Bare 答案A,4表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作整体，谓语用单数。 【例26】 Two hours _ a long time to take over a coffee. Ais Bare 答案A,5单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语的形式要依据主语的单复数意义来定。这样的词有：means(方法)，crossroads(十字路口)，aircraft(飞机)，deer(鹿)，sheep(绵羊)，works(工厂)，series(系列)，species(种类)等。 【例27】 All possible mea
13、ns _ been tried to teach languages. Ahas Bhave 答案B,6有些名词，如：people(人)，cattle(牛)，police(警察)等，形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语用复数。但people表示“民族”，谓语的数取决于people的单复数。 【例28】 People _ that every people _ its special words to describe things and express ideas. Abelieve；use Bbelieve；uses Cbelieves；uses Dbelieves；use 答案B,7集合名
14、词，如：audience，army，family，crowd，government，public等作主语时，若把该名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数；若把该名词看作整体里的每个成员，谓语一般用复数。 【例29】 My family _ going on a trip this summer. Ais Bare 答案B,8population作主语时，谓语一般用单数；但其前有(百)分数时，谓语一般用复数。 【例30】 One third of the population _ workers here. Ais Bare 答案B,9在“主语系动词表语”结构中，如果是what从句作主语，其谓语的单复
15、数取决于后面的表语。若表语为单数，谓语一般用单数；若表语为复数，谓语一般用复数。 【例31】 What his father left him _ a few English books. Ais Bare 答案B,10定语从句的先行词前有one of 修饰时，定语从句的谓语一般用复数；但先行词前有the (only)one of修饰时，定语从句的谓语则通常用单数。 【例32】 He is the only one of students who _ late for class again. Ais Bare 答案A,11“一个半”(one and a half复数名词或a单数名词and a half)作主语，谓语一般用单数。 【例33】 One and a half apples _ been left on the table. Ahas Bhave 答案A,12以ics结尾的学科名词以及表团体、组织、报刊等名称作主语，谓语一般用单数。 【例34】 The United Nations _ an international organization. Ais Bare 答案A 【例35】 Physics _ the mother of sciences.
