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1、LOVE -By John Lennon Love is real; real is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved. Love is touch; touch is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved. Love is you, you and me. Love is _ we can be. Love is free; free is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.,feeling,feeling,wanti
2、ng,reaching,reaching,asking,knowing,leaving,leaving,needing,The use of the -ing form,一、动名词的形式,Ing时态和语态 Doing / having done Being done / having been done 否定 Not 逻辑主语 I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.,Please rewrite the sentences following the example.(Page 15 Ex. 2),1. Helping peop
3、le in need of help is nice. 2. Growing super hybrid rice is not easy. 3. Learning more about farming is not difficult. 4. Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city. 5. Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries. 6. Explaining this again is important or we
4、 will get confused.,二、功能及用法(作主语),1作主语. 动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式： 动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. _ is something we should never do 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me 3)说比做容易。 _ is easier than doing.,Playing tricks on others,Learning new words,Talking,Having a degree will not guarantee success to
5、a person; but someone with ability will move more easily up the social ladder. Matching the right gift with the right person, in fact, can be a complicated process. Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isnt it rather risky, though?,用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾, 作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。 1.
6、和他争辩是没有什么用的。 It is useless trying to argue with him 2.这事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort 想再解释一次有好处吗? 3.Is it any good trying to explain? 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 4.It is pleasant working with you,归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time doing sth. 名词 It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesi
7、ng doing sth. 形容词 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的,在there be no结构中作主语 这种结构的意思相当于 “It is impossible to do ”. 1.若要人不知，除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 2.这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no joking about such matter. 3.无法知道他什么时候离开 There was no knowing
8、 when he would leave.,There is no doing 无法,不允许 There is no sense in doing做没有道 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point in doing 干无意义 1.我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 2.做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 注意：There is no need to do sth 干
9、没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. 1.没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her.,注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 2.我姐姐病了,使我很担心。 My sisters being ill made me worried. 3.你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.,动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别： 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如： 1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种
10、责任，也是一种愉悦。 As a child，she felt that _ was a duty and a pleasure 2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 _ in an American home will be a good experience for me.,二、功能及用法(作主语),visiting sick people,To be a guest,3) 一直不做就是作恶。 _is doing ill 4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。” He said，“To go on like this is no use” 5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。 Its a
11、n honor for me to be invited to the party,在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换,Doing nothing,二、功能及用法(作主语),2、-ing 用作宾语 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，admit, feel like, resist, appreciate, recall, finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand, excuse，fa
12、ncy，give up，put off，risk,what about / how about. 等。如： 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? What about the two of us playing chess?,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。 A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有
13、什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B. 在begin / start, continue之后, 用动名词和不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的时候。,C在动词forget，remember，regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同. 动名词表示动作先于谓语发生, 不定式表示后于谓语动作, 如： 我记得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter 我会记着去寄信的。 Ill remember to post the letter.,C. 动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如： 我永远不会忘记
14、见到过那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Dont forget to write to your mother 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 I regret to say I cant take your advice,D在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do (设法)，try doing (试试)，mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味着)。如：
15、 我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time 我们用别的方法做这工作试试。 Lets try doing the working in some other way,Ego on doing 和go on to do go on doing 继续做一直在做的事； go on to do 接着做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做 stop to do 停下正干的事去干另一件事 请接着做这同一个练习。 Please go on doing the same exercise 请做另外一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise,3作介词宾语. 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A介词+动名词，如： 1) 我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。 Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。 I apologize _ so angry with you. 3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。 _ away for several years，it is a strange experience to retu
