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1、.,宾语 从句,.,一、概 述 在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句一般由下面一些词引导。 1.that引导 2.whether/if引导 3.连接代词who whom whose what which 4. 连接副词when why where how。,.,1that属于从属连接词，在宾语从句中没有实际意义，只是起引导从语的作用。,1）作动词的宾语从句 We all know (that) success calls for hard work. 我们都知道成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。 We knew (that) he had made a mistake. 我们知道他犯了一个错误
2、。 2）在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。 如sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, sorry等。 I am sure that I have posted the letter. 我的确把那封信寄了。 I am afraid that you are right. 恐怕你是对的。,.,【要点拓展】 一般说来引导宾语从句的that可以省略。如果有多个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，其他一般不省略。 I know (that) you are right. 我知道你是对的。 The
3、 doctor told me (that) I should take more water and that things would get better very soon医生告诉我要多喝水，情况很快就会好转。,.,2whether /if在做“是否”解时引导宾语从句，常放在动词know，ask，care，wonder，find out等之后。在口语中常用if。 whether /if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，在句子中不可省略。 I dont know whether/ if this bike is hers. 我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。 Can you t
4、ell me whether/ if your father joined the Party in 1990? 你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？,.,【要点拓展】,whether/if在表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时常可通用。但一下情况只可以用whether。 介词后的宾语从句用whether引导。 We are talk about whether we can get the chance. 我们再讨论我们是否可以得到这个机会。 whether引导宾语从句可以与or not连用 He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Satu
5、rday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。 Whether引导的宾语从句可以置于句首。 Whether they will join in the picnic I dont care. 他们是否参加野餐，我不在乎。 在不定式前只用whether。 Im just wondering whether to stay for another hour. 我不知道是否要再等一个小时。,.,3由连接代词引导的宾语从句 who whom whose what which Do you know whose child he is? 你知道他是谁的孩子吗？ Do you remember
6、what you should do next? 你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？ I want to know which medicine he has taken. 我要知道他服了哪种药。 Please tell me who called me just now. 请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。 I dont know whom they are speaking to. 我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。,.,【要点拓展】,连接代词一般指疑问，但what除了指疑问之外，也可指陈述。 I dont believe what you said. 我不相信你所说的话。,.,4、由连接副词引导的宾语从句whe
7、n why where how,He asked me where they were born. 他问我他们出生在哪里。 He asks how we can help protect the environment. 他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力。 I cant find out why the machine doesnt work well. 我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。 Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test? 你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？,.,【要点拓展】,连接副词引导的宾语从句一般表示疑问，但有时也表示陈
8、述。连接副词在从句中做状语。 I remember when I lived with my grandparents in the country.（when在从句中作时间状语，不表示疑问。） 我记得我和爷爷奶奶在乡村住过的日子。,.,【注意】,1、由连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句可以向“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 I dont know how I should do with the gifts. =I dont know how to do with the gifts. 我不知道怎么处理礼物。,.,1.宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中需要运用陈述句语序。 He asked me wher
9、e they were born. 他问我他们出生在哪里。 Do you remember what you should do next? 你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？,宾语从句高频考点,.,2时态的呼应宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。,例如： He says that Lily is(will be/ was) a doctor. 他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。 Ill tell you what I am doing (did/shall do). 我将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。,（1）当主句是现在的某
10、种时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态。,.,（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。,1）从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生。例如： I thought he was old. 我认为他老了。 He wanted to know who she was waiting for. 他想知道她在等谁。 2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。 He said that he had finished reading the book. 他说他看完了这本书。,.,3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。 She said
11、 that she was going to buy a new bike next week. 她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。 I wasnt sure if it would rain. 我没有把握确定天是否会下雨。,4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。 例如： The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth. 老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。,.,3.从句中的否定转移主句谓语动词是think, believe, expect, guess等，表示“认为，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在时
12、时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。 I dont believe she will take part in the English evening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会。 I dont think its your fault. 我认为这不是你的错。 改为反意疑问句 I dont think its your fault, is it?,.,4 混合宾语从句 当宾语从句的引导词是who，which，what，when，where，how，why等时，不按正常语序安排，讲这类引导词置于句首。这时主句中的谓语动词常是think, believe, expect
13、, guess Who do you think Tom will invite to the party? 你认为汤姆会邀请谁来参加聚会?,.,宾语从句应掌握的要点,1在四种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。 2在带有宾语从句的复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。 当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。 从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。 3. 在think, bel
14、ieve等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。,.,1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 2. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the
15、 car D. how much I spent on the car 3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris,.,4. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting
16、for D. where you live in 5. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen 6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get C.why does he get B.why he gets D. why he got,.,7. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter 8. He asked his father _. where it happe
