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1、Book I,American Literature,Introduction,What is literature?Writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry. Forms (genres) of literature?Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, sermon, (auto) biography, travel accounts, novelette,
2、etc.,Book List,Hawthorne: The Ministers Black Veil Mark Twain: The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin Jack London: Love of Life Ernest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms Arthur Miller: Death of a Salesman,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Edgar Allan Poe Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Robert Lee Frost Ezra Pound,Other
3、 Works,Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter Theodore Dreiser: An American Tragedy F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury,Brief Outline of American literature,Colonial period (1607-1750)Anne
4、 BradstreetEdward Taylor Enlightenment and Revolutionary period (1750-1810)Benjamin FranklinPhilip Freneau Romanticism Washington IrvingEdgar Allan PoeNathaniel Howthorne William Whitman* Transcendentalism * (New England Renaissance)Ralph Waldo EmersonFillip Thoreau,Realism Mark TwainHenry JamesNatu
5、ralism:Stephen CraneTheodore Dreiser 5. Modern Period The 1920sT.S. EliotWilliam FaulknerErnest Hemingway (Lost Generation)Imagism: Ezra Pound,Brief Outline of American literature,The 1930sSteinbeckHarlem Renaissance(Black American literature)HughesWrightEllison American DramaEugene ONeill,Contempor
6、ary Period The Post-war SceneSaul BellowSalingerPoetry:Confessional PoetryBlack Mountain PoetsSan Francisco RenaissanceThe Beat GenerationThe New York Poets,Table of Contents,Introduction Brief Outline of American Literature Chapter I Colonial Period Chapter II Revolutionary PeriodBenjamin FranklinP
7、hilip Freneau Chapter III American RomanticismWashington IrvingJames Fenimore CooperWilliam Cullen BryantEdgar Allan PoeNathaniel Hawthorne,Colonial Period (1607-1750),Chapter One,The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They were a
8、 group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles. They carried with them to America a code of values, a philosophy of life, a point of view which, in time, took root in the New World and became what is popularly known as American Puritanism.,American Puritanism w
9、as one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. Without some understanding of Puritanism, there can be no real understanding of America and its literature.,Puritanism in America,1. They follow the ideas of the French reformer and theologian (神学家)John Calvi
10、n 2. Doctrines:- Predestination 宿命论，得救预定论（上帝已预先选定某些得救者，余者者受诅咒）- Original sin and total depravity (human beings are basically evil.)- Limited atonement 赎罪(or the Salvation of a selected few) 3. Puritan values (creeds):Hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety, simple tastes.Puritans are more practical, toug
11、her, and to be ever ready for any misfortune and tragic failure.They are optimistic.,Puritanism in America,Why did Puritans come to America?- to reform the Church of England- to have an entirely new church- to escape religious persecution* Gods chosen people* To seek a new Garden of Eden* To build “
12、City of God on earth”,Puritanism in America,Influence American literature is based on a myth, i.e. the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. American literature is in good measure a literary expression of the pious(虔诚的) idealism of the American Puritan bequest （遗赠） Fired with a sense of mission, the
13、Puritans looked the worst of life in the face of tremendous optimism. The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American literature.,Literary Scene,In content: -serving either God or colonial expansion or both In form: -imitating and transplanting English literary tradition faithfully,
14、Symbolism To the pious Puritan the physical, phenomenal world in nothing but a symbol of God. Simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing. The writing style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest -with a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of th
15、e Bible.,Three major poets in colonial period:,Anne Bradstreet Michael Wigglesworth Edward Taylor,1. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672),the first noted poetess in colonial period,Anne Bradstreets Works“Some verses on the Burning of Our House”“The Spirit and the Flesh”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in Amer
16、ica Anne Bradstreets Life* She was born and educated in England.* At the age of 18, she came to America in 1630 with her father and husband. * She had 8 children.* She became known as the “Tenth Muse” who appeared in America.,the first collection published by English colonists living in America,2. Michael Wigglesworth (1631-1705),the most popular poet in American Colonial Period Work: “The Day of Doom” (1662),3. Edward Tayl
