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1、张岩群专升本英语资料分享目录一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态）1二、不定式5三、动词的时态和语态29一般现在时的特例29一般过去时的注意点30一般将来时的注意点30四、非谓语动词31五、复合式谓语41六、动词的虚拟语气45七、状语从句501、时间状语从句502.地点状语从句523、原因状语从句524条件状语从句535让步状语从句546目的状语从句547结果状语从句558方式状语从句56一、句子成分与基本结构(包括时态）主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object宾语补足语 object complement表语 predictive定语 attributive状语 adver
2、bialWARM-UP：1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语（核心：主动词）I八大成分的概念和构成1主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。If you want the rainbow you have to put up
3、 with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见） 形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）2谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。I have a dream.You dont always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未
4、必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）3宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。You dont find opportunitiesyou make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。You probably wont hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式 形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）4表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)
5、Time is money.Three oclock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句5补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语
6、I am sure to succeed.6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of musicgood and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句7. 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句8. 状语：修饰
7、词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。2）连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较）。First comes spring, then summer.Ive never been to America, therefore I
8、 dont know much about it.3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块， 主谓宾表真呀真实在；补语跟着宾语表语跑， 定语同位（语）专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在， 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少， 前后乱窜它还会加塞。（RAP）II成分关系1补语跟着宾语表语跑：补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。To love others makes us happyto love ourse
9、lves makes us lonely.（宾补）We are made happy to love otherswe are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。2定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：定语，同位语修饰名词性形式Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）3谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach fo
10、r the stars, you may not quite get one, but you wont come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (
11、耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)(
12、3)口语中常见主语或“主-系”省略：(It is) nothing. (那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesnt matter. (那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. (我)谢谢你。)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesnt he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, arent they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键
13、盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim n
14、or Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)2、谓语：(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He cant have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Somethi
