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1、Chapter Three,Translation Techniques,Frequently-used Translation Techniques,1) 选词用字（Diction） 2) 增词法（Amplification） 3) 省略法（Omission） 4) 转换法（Conversion） 5) 重复法（Repetition） 6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译，反说正译（Negation） 8) 长句拆译 (Division) the view of the West Lake in Hangzhou is one of the nine ideal vantag
2、e points, and even some companies will declaim that they are among the 500 national outstanding enterprises. 中国人的生活中充满了一系列“名牌”、“上品”之类的东西：筵席上的茅台属中国八大名酒之一，杭州西湖属中国九大名胜之一,就连一些公司也要自称是全国500强企业之一。 （语义性增译）,例3 Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with t
3、he words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas(I count only the happy hours). 威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭信步的好去处，她宁静从容，闲适悠然，连城中的日晷上都刻着这样的铭文：“只计幸福时光”。,例4We have recognised that free trade is not a zero-sum game. 文中“zero-sum”是一个术语，表示一种“零和值”或“此方得利彼方遭损”，用在此上下文中令人费解，必须增添词义，将其内涵引申出来： 我们认识到，自由贸易并非一种损人利己的“零和值”游戏。（语义性增译）,例5(?)信笔写
4、来，(?)竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆，这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅力。 While writing at will, I find all Ive done is just something of my own recollection, which shows how charming this collection of essays is! (结构增译),例6Dripstones, stalactites, are in different shapes-columns, pillars and translucent curtains, conjure up unforgetta
5、ble images. 各种钟乳石形态各异有的玉柱浑圆；有的栋梁擎天；有的瀑布飞帘，晶莹剔透大自然鬼斧神工，妙景天成，令人难忘。 (修辞性增译/重复),例7 钱 先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因而得名“钟书”。 When Mr.Qian was only one-year old, the baby was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon he was given by his parents the name: zh
6、ong shu (book-lover). （文内阐释）,例8由于这个年龄阶段的孩子大多是在“421家庭”中长大的，自理能力较差。 Since most of the students at this age have grown up in families containing four elderly people and two parents as well as themselves, they are incapable of taking care of themselves in daily life.,省译 Omission,与增译相对，省译是指对原文中一些不合译文习惯或在
7、译文中显多余的词汇或表达照直译出的的话，会使译文显得累赘生硬甚至意义不明。在这种情况下，就需要使用“省译”的手法，将原文中这些词汇和表达省去不译，以保译文的准确通顺。相对而言，由于汉英两种语言的差异，“省译”法似乎在汉译英中使用得多一些。,例1我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。 I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniform. (语义性省译) 例2She denied it
8、, denied everything, bone and stone. 她矢口否认，死不认帐。(语义),例3The crowd was pushing hard. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly that they could not move in any direction. 人群越挤越厉害，夹在中间的人被挤得动弹不得。(语义) 例4 These statements may seem so commonplace that they may be held to be hardly wort
9、h making. 这些说法都是些不值一提的老生常谈。(语义),例5她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟，气象万千。 It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and, at some place, flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples. (修辞性省译),例6在各方面形成一套更加成熟更加定型的制度。 to build up an all-round economic
10、system with a complete set of mature and fixed practices. 例7我们要积极推进经济体制改革和经济增长根本改变，努力实现“十五”计划。 We must promote the fundamental shift of economic system and of the mode of economic growth to fulfill the Tenth Five-Year Plan.,例8多年以来江苏、浙江、江西部分市县存在的违规生产经营一次性医疗器械现象，已经得到比较彻底的根除。 The illegal production and
11、 sales of disposable medical instruments in some cities and counties of Jiangsu , Zhejiang and Jiangxi have been eliminated.,如何处理像“情况”、“状态”、“现象”、“问题”、“局面”这一类范畴词的问题,例1We have winked at these irregularities too long. 对这种混乱无序的现象我们已纵容太久。 例2What, under these uncertainties, was to be done? 在这种扑朔迷离的情况下，该怎么
12、办呢？,例3在世界经济增长明显减速的情况下，我们实现了经济较快增长。 Despite a noticeable slowdown in the world economy, China s economy grew fairly rapidly. 例4根据一般加工工业生产能力普遍过剩的现实状况，把国债投资重点放在基础设施建设方面。 In view of the over-productivity in the general processing industries, investments from national bonds were mainly put into infrastru
13、cture development.,例5农业、农村和农民问题是关系改革开放和现代化建设全局的重大问题。 Agriculture, rural areas and farmers are of great importance to the reform, opening up and modernization drive.,词类转换法 Conversion,例1. Beggars cant be choosers. 叫花子不可挑三拣四。（n-v） 例2. After two years with a bad woman a good man becomes a bad man. 两年交坏女
14、，好男也变坏。 (prep.-v.) 例3. 她和我谈了八个小时，中间还吃了一顿饭，一直谈到深夜。 She talked with me for eight hours through dinner and well into the middle night. (v-prep),例4With the unemployment high, the dollar low and the stock market in distress, the economy will be the presidents sternest trial. 由于失业率增高，美元贬值，股市下跌，经济问题将是总统面临的
15、最严峻考验.(prep n.v) 例7客货轮沿湘江可穿洞庭，入长江，上达重庆，下抵上海，交通极为方便。 Its very convenient for passenger or cargo vessels to sail from the Xiang River through the Dongting Lake along the Yangtze River upwards to Chongqing City and downwards to Shanghai City . v-prep.）,例8The vast expanse of the United States of America
16、 stretches from the heavily industrialized metropolitan Atlantic seaboard across the rich flat farms of the central plains, over the Rocky Mountains to the fertile west coast, then half way across the Pacific to the balmy island-state of Hawaii . 美利坚合众国地域辽阔，从高度工业化、大都市遍布的大西洋沿岸延伸到中部平原肥沃平坦的农场，越过洛矶山脉，到达富饶的西海岸，然后横跨半个太平洋直抵气候温和由群岛组成的夏威夷州。 （prep. v.）,例9该中心还将具备会展博览、文化体育、金融保险、服务、研发等功能。 The center will also function as a base for exhibitions, fairs, cultural and sports acti
