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1、第一单元1、 英译汉Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. 亚里士多德是古希腊的哲学家和科学家。His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosoph
2、y. 他的作品涵盖了许多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. 亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。He believed all peoples concepts and all their knowledge wer
3、e ultimately based on perception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知识在根本上都是基于感知能力。 His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。 He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era. 他几乎对他所处时期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。His works contain the earliest known formal study
4、of logic, and even today all aspects of Aristotles philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic study. His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western philosophical theories. 他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术研究的重要课题。More than 2,300 years
5、after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential philosophers and scientists. 他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经久不衰的影响。在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。 二、汉译英 中庸思想（Doctrine of the Mean）是儒家思想的核心内容。孔子所谓的中不是指折中，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种适度和恰如其分的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成
6、为一种美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called mean by Confucius doesnt mean compromise but a moderate and just-right way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that t
7、his thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Ch
8、inese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 第二单元2、 英译汉 William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Engli
9、sh language and the worlds pre-eminent (杰出的) dramatist. His plays have been translated into a vast number of languages and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeares early works were mostly comedies and histories, which have the reputation of being among the finest mas
10、terpieces produced in these genres (体裁) even today. Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some of which, like Hamlet and King Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature. The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and his universal themes. He contr
11、ibuted thousands of words to English, many of which have become embedded in the language. His themes are so universal that they transcend generations to stir the imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide. Shakespeare has influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries. His writings rem
12、ain highly popular today, and they are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultures throughout the world. Shakespeare will continue to have an enormous impact on future playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, and scholars.人们普遍认为，威廉莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的
13、作品都上演得多。莎士比亚的早期作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。即使在今天，这些作品仍是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如哈姆雷特和李尔王，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。莎士比亚最显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界各地读者和观众的想象力。数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大影响。 二、汉译英 中国的四大名著是
14、指三国演义（Romance of the Three Kingdoms）、水浒传（Outlaws of the Marsh）、西游记（Journey to the West）和红楼梦（A Dream of Red Mansions）四部著名小说。它们的创作时间均处于元末明初至清代期间，其内容反映了中国古代的政治和军事斗争、社会矛盾、文化信仰等各个方面。四大名著具有很高的艺术水平，代表了中国古典小说的高峰。书中的许多人物和场景在中国家喻户晓，并且已经深深地影响了整个民族的思想观念和价值取向。四本著作在中国古代民俗、封建制度、社会生活等多个领域皆有巨大的研究价值，是中国乃至全人类的宝贵文化遗产。
15、The four great classic Chinese novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. All the four novels were written during the period from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. They all reflect various aspects of anci
16、ent China, including political and military strife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs. The four novels are of supreme artistic standards, representing the peak of Chinas classic novels. Lots of the characters and scenes in the books are well-known in China and have exerted profound influences on the ideology and values of the entire nation. Highly valuable for the research of Chinas ancient c
