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1、1 Part. Fill in the blank with suitable content. 1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital
2、market. 2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale. 3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other co
3、untries. 4. Labor is the only one factor of production. 、and 、are the unit labor requirement in LC a LW a * LC a * LW a cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLWaLC*/aLW* , Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. /is the relative price of cheese, when C p W p aLC/aLW Pc/PwaLC
4、*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively. 5. Labor is the only one factor of production. 、and 、are the unit labor requirement in LC a LW a * LC a * LW a cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Homes and Foreigns labor force. If /, the worl
5、d relative supply of cheese equals（L/aLC）/(L*/aLW*) . Home s LC a LW a C p W p * LC a * LW a gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)1/aLW 6. In specific factors model(QM=QM (K, LM); QF=QF (T, LF); L=LM+LF), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the ove
6、rall comparison of the five change rate of goods price and factor price 、inside Home is . That is, the real income of M P F P K r T r W TFMKrPWPr capitalists increase, it can be shown as .MKPrMKPr 7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of income.
7、 First, resources cant move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand. 8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity 9.According t
8、o stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall. 10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor
9、 of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall. 11.According to H-O模型H-O proposition , owners of a countrys abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a countrys scare factors lose. 12.According to 要素价格均
10、等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence（收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的 要素价格均等化） （完整的 要素价格均等化） 13. Three assumpti
11、ons（假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术 相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers . 14.“U.S. exp
12、orts were less capital-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox . 15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models 16.The standard trade model derives（派生（派生 推导）推导） a world relative supply
13、 curve（曲线）（曲线） from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17.To export-biased growth, if the decline（下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration（恶化） of the terms of trade swap over（交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is 2 immiserizing g
14、rowth (贫困化增长). 18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长) . 19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, thes
15、e conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased, the growing country is large enough to affect the world price, RS and RD must be very steep. 20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论 Metzle paradox ”, tariffs and export subsidies（补贴） might have perverse（有害的） effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “
16、Monopolistic（垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products . 22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies, labor market pooling , knowledge spillovers(知识溢出) 23.The pattern of intraindustry（产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history an
