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1、语法专题（十）非谓语动词,PART TWO,第二篇 语法突破篇,【中考考点】 （1）动词不定式的用法。（2）动名词的用法。 （3）分词的用法。,考点一动词不定式,构成:to+动词原形（有时可省略to,to为不定式符号）;其否定形式为:not+to+动词原形。 1.作主语 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于句末。常用句型结构为“Its+adj./n.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.”。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the teacher for help. 向
2、老师寻求帮助是必要的。,2.作宾语 （1）后接带to的不定式作宾语的动词: would like/want to do想要做 used to do过去常常做 agree to do同意做 hope/wish to do希望做 decide to do决定做 try to do尽力做 begin/start to do开始做 expect to do期望做 refuse to do拒绝做 afford to do有能力做 learn to do学习做 plan to do计划做 prefer to do更喜欢做 continue to do继续做 promise to do承诺做 happen
3、to do碰巧做 manage to do设法做 prepare to do准备做 I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那儿。,to get/arrive/reach,（2）在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将不定式移至宾语补足语之后,构成“主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+宾语补足语（形容词/名词）+不定式”结构。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。,3.作宾语补足语 （1）后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词: tell sb. to do 告诉某人做
4、ask sb. to do要求某人做 wish sb. to do希望某人做 invite sb. to do邀请某人做 want sb. to do想要某人做 teach sb. to do教某人做 allow sb. to do允许某人做 force sb. to do强迫某人做 expect sb. to do期望某人做 help sb. to do帮助某人做 advise sb. to do 建议某人做 persuade sb. to do 劝告某人做 lead sb. to do 带领某人做 prefer sb. to do 宁愿某人做 encourage sb. to do 鼓励某
5、人做 The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老师告诉我们做练习一。,to do,（2）一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾语补足语。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（find, see, watch, notice）。但这些动词变被动语态时,作补语的不定式必须加上to。,4.作状语 常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将去杭州参观西湖。（作目的状语
6、） 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面。 I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。,6.作表语 Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 7.“疑问词+不定式”结构 动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。 He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。（作宾语）,to look after/take care of,what to wear,考
7、点二动名词,动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。 1.作主语 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 注意 动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。 2.作宾语 常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有enjoy, finish, consider（考虑）, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be use
8、d to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stopfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/trouble/problems （in）等。 Have you finished the book? 你读完这本书了吗?,reading,3.作表语 The nurses job is the patients. 护士的工作是照顾病人。 4.作定语 I often go to the . 我经常去阅览室。,lookin
9、g after/taking care of,reading room,考点三分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词（v.-ing）有主动、进行之意;过去分词（v.-ed）有被动、完成之意。 1.作定语 China is a country. America is a country. 中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我认识那个叫李明的男孩。 2.作表语 The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。,developing,develope
10、d,3.作宾语补足语 I saw her going upstairs. 我看见她正在上楼。 I want to have several photos taken. 我想拍几张照片。 4.作状语 Talking and laughing, they went into the room. 他们有说有笑地走进了房间。,5.现在分词与过去分词的区别 （1）在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。 the ruling class 统治阶级 the ruled class 被统治阶级 （2）在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the rising sun 正在
11、升起的太阳 the risen sun 升高的太阳,.单项选择 1.2015河北 Its important for us to know all the subjects. Yeah, group work is my favorite. A.how to study B.when to study C.which to studyD.what to study 2.2014河北 Dont forget thanks when other people help you. A.accept B.to accept C.say D.to say,1.A根据“group work”可知用how
12、to study,故选A。,A,D,3.2013河北 The children decide their schoolyard this Friday afternoon. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 4.2018内江 Mr. Black, you are becoming healthier and healthier. Please keep on . A.ran B.to run C.runs D.running,4.Dkeep on doing sth.为固定用法,意为“继续做某事”。,B,D,5.2018海南改编 The polic
13、eman warned the man after drinking. A.not to drive B.to drive C.driving D.not driving,5.A考查固定搭配。warn sb. (not) to do sth.意为“警告某人(不要)做某事”。根据常识酒后不能驾驶,所以此处应该是warn sb. not to do sth.结构。故选A。,A,.英译汉 1.In order not to be late for the competition, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. 2.Its
14、 very dangerous for us to answer the mobile phone while crossing the street. 3.Everyone can do something good to protect the environment. 4.I dont know which dress to choose for my mother.,为了比赛不迟到,我的姐姐强迫她自己今天早上很早就起床了。,对于我们来说,在过马路时接打手机非常危险。,每个人都可以做点对保护环境有益的事情。,我不知道给母亲选择哪条长裙。,5.Everyone is supposed to do what they can to deal with the problem. 6.The reporter waited so long to interview the headmaster yesterday. 7.A nurse named Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother is away.,每个人都应该竭尽所能处理这个问题。,昨天这位记者为采访校长等了好长时间。,一个名字叫Carolyn的护士将照顾这个婴儿,在他母亲离开时。,
