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1、1,句子的基本句型,2,英语句子的基本成分有六种,1.主语（subject）： 主语是动作的执行者，一般由名词或代词充当。 例：Theboyswonthegame. (主语) The cat eats the fish. (主语）,3,2.谓语（predicate）: 谓语是句子中的必不可少的成分,说明主语的动作，状态或特征。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语构成. 例: I like it . (谓语) The cat eats the fish. (谓语）,4,3.宾语（object）: 是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。 宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语
2、之分。 例：The cat eats the fish. (宾语） He gave me a basket full of eggs 间接宾语 直接宾语,5,4.表语（predicative）： 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、 从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。 例：Seeing is believing (表语） The future is bright. (表语）,6,5.定语（attribu
3、te）： 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系 . 例：He gave me a basket full of eggs （定语）,7,6.状语(adverbial)： 状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词
4、或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 例：He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. （状语）,8,1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,9,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整
5、个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。 He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student),并列句,11,2) 并列句： 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 We fished all day, but we didnt catch a t
6、hing. We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing. We fished all day ; we didnt catch a thing.,熟读下列句子, 体会并列连词的意义和用法。 1. He loves me and I love him.他爱我, 我爱他。,熟读深思,2. After class, not only do I listen to English programs on the radio but Ive also learned a lot from the Internet.课后, 我不但收听收音机上的英语
7、节目, 而且我还从网络中学到许多东西。,4. Hurry up, or (else) youll be late.快点, 否则就会迟到了。 5. Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。 6. It never rains but it pours.不雨则已, 雨则倾盆。,7. I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。 8. I am thirsty, for it is hot.我口渴, 因为天气太热。 9. The manager was ill so I went i
8、n her place.经理病了, 所以我代她去。,1.并列连词可以连接两个对等的(或平行的)词、短语或句子，常用的并列连词有： 表示联合：and(同, 和), and then not only.but (also).(不仅而且) , neither.nor.(既不也不) 表示选择：or(或者, 否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either.or(不是就是),归纳总结, 表示转折：but(但是, 可是, 只是因为), yet(可是), not.but.(不是而是) 表示因果：for(因为)和so(所以, 因此) 表示对比：while(而，却),2. 三点注意
9、： so不能与because连用。 but, while不与although连用, 但yet, still可与although连用。 not only.but also.连接两个句子时,前一分句用部分倒装。,19,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。 从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句等。 句型 主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,20,1. We often study
10、Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,21,4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 5. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 6. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in t
11、he morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,22,7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,复合句,简单句,在语法
12、填空中很可能要求考生填入一个适当的并列连词。另外, 基础写作要求只能用5句话, 熟练掌握并列复合句,对我们合并句子, 非常有用。,并列句与高考,若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词, 填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词。如： He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析：空格前后都是句子且这两句之间没有关联词, 应填关联词; 又因后句的he felt very happy与前句的He was very tired是
13、转折关系, 故填but。,1. Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. 固定结构：“祈使句+and+句子”前面的祈使句暗示一种条件，and后面的表结果。 2. Find ways to praise your children often, _youll find they will open their hearts to you. 2. 同上。,灵活运用,and,and,5. I then realized she had no arms _ legs, just a head, neck and torso. 在否定句
14、中表示并列，用or。 6. He took the o1d man not just across the river, _to his home. 搭配: not just.but (also).不但而且;句意为: 他不但送老人过河, 而且送老人到家,or,but,7. .the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable _in decline.,表选择, “或者”。意思是: 一个发达国家的政府
15、想看到的是慢速增长的人口而不是一个稳定不变的人口或下降的人口。,or,8. Stand over there _ youll be able to see the oil painting better. 这是“祈使句(表条件)+and+简单句”句型。 9. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _his eyesight was beginning to fail. 补充说明原因用for。,and,for,10. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. 这是“祈使句+or+陈述句
16、”句型。,or,12. We are going to the bookstore in Johns car. You can come with us _ you can meet us there later. 12. 表示选择。 13. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade _sat down to eat our picnic lunch. 13. 因sat 与found是并列谓语。,or,and,14. Some of us dont have much pocket money, _they feel unhappy. 14. 前因后果，引出结果，用so。 15. 79.3 of the surveyed netizens say that their main m
