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1、.,Noun Clauses,.,Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power . 3.We Chinese are peace- loving.,subject,object,predicative,subject,subject,apposition,predicative,.,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is importan
2、t.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is Mr.White.,.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等 因此根据它在句中不
3、同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,.,What are noun clauses? His story is interesting. What he said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we g
4、o there is good.,Subject clause,Object clause,Object clause after a preposition,Predictive clause,Appositive clause,.,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类,At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. 2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.
5、3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. 4. When we will start is not clear. 5. I had no idea that you were her friend.,Object clause,Object clause,Predicative clause,Subject clause,Appositive clause,.,名词性从句中的连接词有: 连词: that / whether / as if(though); 连接代词: what / who/ w
6、hich / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever， 连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。,.,引导词,句型转换 1.They are good doctors. He told us. 2. He hadnt said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.,He told us that they were good doctors.,The fact that he hadnt said anythin
7、g at the meeting surprised us.,总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。,.,3.Does your sister get up early? Do you know? 4.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. ,Do you know if/ whether your sister gets up early?,I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.,总结：当从句原来是一般
8、疑问句时，变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。,.,5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 6.My question is this: where will the lecture be given? ,Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?,My question is where the lecture will be given.,总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。,.,总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，
9、名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。,1.What we need more time. 2.What we need more English dictionaries.,are,is,.,Practice time.单句改错,1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all. 2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet. 3.I didnt know that you will come. 4.He said
10、that he is writing a story. 5.Could you tell me when will he arrive? 6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.,_ is,_ hasnt,_ would,_ was,_ he will,_ English has,.,Object Clauses 宾语从句,.,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,.,宾语
11、从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,.,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.,.,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）
12、当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后
13、面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,.,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can
14、 find out some information about that city . She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .,.,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,.,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3.
15、 Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,.,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省
16、略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?,.,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is
