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1、考研翻译,文都教育 李群,LOGO,一.翻译简介 数据：5 10 4 20-25 形式：英译汉 Q1: 英语一和英语二的区别？ Q2: 为什么不考汉译英？,汉译英的难点 词汇 四六级汉译英：瑰宝、皓月、辟邪 瑰宝：treasure 皓月：bright moon 辟邪：avoid evil spirits,英译汉难点 (1)词汇 a.绝对生词：millennium; anthropology; astrophysics b.相对生词：set; beef; duck; cause; school; moonlight c.专业术语：mad cow disease; swine flu; hip r
2、eplacement,(2)语法结构：划分成分：主谓宾，定状补 例：2003.61 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.,(3)语言表达 a.通顺无语病 b.无扭曲原文 He is a birdman. Check out that hot chick. She is no more a spring chicke
3、n. He is the last man that I want to see.,c.符合表达习惯 My mother always plans ahead. Work hard and make progress everyday. A leopard will not easily change its spots.,二.评分标准 1.每句四个意群，每个意群0.5分 2.每个意群有一个严重错误或两个基本错误，则该意群不 得分 何为严重错误？ (1)误译 blue movie 误：蓝色电影 正：色情电影,talk horse 误：说马 正：吹牛 = talk big; boast; bra
4、g Cast pearls before pigs. 误：在猪面前扔珍珠。 正：对牛弹琴,(2)漏译 the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect 误：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童 正：与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽略儿童事件 (3)过译 Everybody rises. If you have something to say, then say; if not, then go.,3.一般错别字不扣分，严重错别字三个则该意群不得分 一般错别字：作为 做为 严重错别字：由于 鱿鱼 鉴于 箭鱼 昌盛 娼盛,三.解题步骤 1.拆分：划分意群
5、，逐个翻译 2.组合：组合成句，注意位置 Q: 碰到生词或多义词怎么办？ 根据背景猜测，切勿空着 例1: His mother always complains and beefs about his future. 例2: We need a plan to address the problem of the homeless people.,注意：汉语和英语的区别 (1)汉语多动词，英语多名词 (2)汉语定语多前置，英语多后置 (3)汉语状语多前置，英语多后置 例1: 2003.61 Furthermore, humans have the ability (1) to modify t
6、he environment (2) in which they live, (3) thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. (4),四.意群划分 1.连词 (1)并列句连词：and, but, yet . (2)状语从句连词：before, after, although . 2.关系词 (1)关系代词：which, that, as . (2)关系副词：when, where, why .,3.介词：in, on, at, from, to, of, with . 4.分词：
7、-ing; -ed 句中做定语或状语 the girl crying = the girl who is crying The boy fell off the tree, breaking his legs. The singer entered the auditorium, followed by several body- guards. 5.不定式 6.标点符号,例2: 2003.63 The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, (1) combined with a cross-cultural perspective (2) brought
8、 to the analysis of cultures past and present, (3) makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (4),五.翻译技巧 (一)词法翻译 1.专有名词的翻译 第一种方法：音译 (1)人名：John 约翰 Nancy 南希,(2)名人 Plato 柏拉图 Socrates 苏格拉底 Aristotle 亚里士多德 Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Bacon 培根 Darwin 达尔文 Darwinism 达尔文主义；达尔文学说 第二种方法：照抄,2.多义词的翻
9、译 根据中文搭配习惯翻译 delicate a.纤弱的；细致的；精美的；微妙的；可口的 delicate girl 柔弱的女子 delicate skin 娇嫩/细腻的皮肤 delicate relationship 微妙的关系,aggressive a.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的 aggressive diplomatic policy 侵略性的外交政策 aggressive young man 有闯劲的年轻人 aggressive salesman 殷勤的推销员,3.生词的翻译 第一种方法：猜测 duty and entitlement 权利与义务 第二种方法：融合 a uni
10、que and distinctly important social science 一门独特且（极其）重要的社会科学 第三种方法：省译 the trail of foxs smell 狐狸的气味,(二)句法翻译 1.定语的翻译 什么是定语？ 修饰名词的成分叫做定语。 定语的翻译方法：译成“.的+名词”（“的”经常省略）,(1)前置定语的翻译 前置定语的形式：adj. + n. an available boy 一个单身男孩 (2)后置定语的翻译 a.名词 + 形容词 the only man alive 唯一幸存的人,b.名词 + 介词短语 man of promising future
11、前程似锦的人 c.名词 + 非谓语（注意：中文多主动，英文多被动） the information used 所使用的信息 the meeting being held 正在召开的会议 the regulation needed to be observed 需要遵守的法规,d.名词 + 反义形容词 men tall and short 高矮不一的人 cultures past and present 过去和现在的文化 e. 名词 + 形容词短语 a bus full of men of women 塞满男男女女的公车,(3)多重后置定语的翻译 翻译技巧：“本末倒置” the insights
12、 of great men of genius 天才伟人的真知灼见 part of an exchange of duties and entitlements 义务与权利相交换的部分,2.定语从句的翻译 翻译技巧一：合二为一 .reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 世界观、价值观、教育背景和社会阶级大相径庭的记者 翻译技巧二：一分为二 We dont like the boy, who is too arrogant. 我们不喜欢那个男孩，他太过于傲慢。,例3: 2003.64 Tylor
13、 defined culture as .that complex whole (1) which includes belief , art, morals, law, custom, (2) and any other capabilities and habits (3) acquired by man as a member of society. (4),例4: 2003.65 Thus, the anthropological concept of culture, (1) like the concept of set in mathematics,(2) is an abstr
14、act concept (3) which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. (4),3. 状语的翻译 状语的定义：修饰动词/句子的成分。 状语的形式：(1)介词短语 (2)非谓语 状语的位置：句首、句末、谓语动词前 The environmentalists advocate protecting the environment in various ways. 译文：环保主义者通过各种方式倡导环境保护。,4.状语从句的翻译 翻译技巧：先从后主 例5: 2003.62 Social s
15、cience is that branch of intellectual enquiry (1) which seeks to study humans and their endeavors (2) in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner (3) that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. (4),例6: 2004.61 The Greeks assumed that (1) the structure of la
16、nguage had some connection with the process of thought, (2) which took root in Europe (3) long before people realized how diverse languages could be. (4),例7: 2004.62 We are obliged to them (1) because some of these languages have since vanished, (2) as the peoples who spoke them (3) died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages . (4),5.名词性从句的翻译 (1)主语、宾语、表语从句的翻译：顺其自然 (2)同位语从句的翻译 第一种方式：颠倒顺序：译成“.的+先行词” 第二种方式：补充说明：译成“：+补
