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1、Chapter 6 篇章翻译的基本要素什么是篇章v 篇章（text）是表达整体概念的语义单位。篇章是语言在交际中，特别是在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个结构完整、功能明确的语义统一体。（陈宏薇）v 篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的语言单位的翻译。（王治奎）v 一、篇章是翻译的理想单位v 1. 篇章的功能应保持一致v 广告类v 出手不凡钻石表v Buy a Diamond brand watch, if every second counts for you.v 应用文体类v 译文符合原文对衔接（cohesion）与连贯（coherence）的要求。v G
2、entlemen,v In reply to your advertisement in the Bristol News of June 2, I wish to say that I am seeking the kind of position your offer. I am nineteen years old, and expect to graduate from the Bristol Technical High School this month. During three years of the course I have been working with many
3、kinds of machinery and have helped to set up and repair the machinery in one of the school shops. My father is a chauffeur, and I helped him in repairing automobiles. Last summer I took a party of excursionists on a three weekstour. While we were in West Epping, away from repair shops, my machine wa
4、s badly damaged. I had to repair two cylinders and rig up a temporary steering wheel. v 尊敬的先生: v 贵公司在六月二日布里斯多报上所刊登征求的职位正是本人想要得到的。 我今年十九岁，这个月即将从布里斯多高工毕业。在学三年中，作过各机械，曾协助学校工场机器的建立和修理工作。 家父为一名司机，我时常帮他修理汽车。去年夏天，我加入一群远征队旅行三周，在西伊平地方没有修理站，我的机件严重损坏，我不得不迳行修护两门汽缸，装配一支暂用的驾驶盘。v Inclosed you will find a copy of m
5、y resume-and my photo. I believe they may be found satisfactory. Concerning my character I am permitted to refer to Mr. H. L. Sled, Head of the Mechanical section of the Bristol Technical High School.v Yours truly,v signature 附上我的简历表和相片，希望二者令您满意。至于我的品德您可函询布里斯多高工机械科主任，史列德先生。 倘若您能考虑我的申请，并给予面试机会，我将十分感谢
6、。v 2. 篇章的语域保持一致v Do you mind being called a bad student? Of course not. So far as I know, everybody intends to be (become) a model student. v 你介意被称为坏学生吗？当然不。就我所知，每个人都打算做模范学生。 v However, to be a model student is by no means an easy thing. First, he must do his best to obtain knowledge. A man without
7、sufficient knowledge will not succeed. Secondly, he must remember to improve his health. Only a strong man can do great tasks. Thirdly, he should receive moral education. If his conduct is not good, no one will consider making friends with him. v 然而，做模范学生却不容易。第一，他必须努力获取知识。一个没有足够知识的人是不会成功的。第二，他必须保持身体
8、健康。只有强壮的人才能做大事。第三，他应该接受道德教育。如果他品行不好，没有人会考虑和他交朋友的。3. 译者应具备的两大意识v (1) 语境意识v 还是从火车上说起吧！ 大约在我四岁多的时候，我坐过火车。当时带我坐火车的人，是我的舅舅，叫张全斌。v Lets begin with the train. v Lets begin from the time when I was on the train. v 应该译为：Let me begin with my trip on the train. v (2)文化意识v 关于我个人的历史情况，我就知道这一些，再多一点都记不起来了。v .This
9、is what I know about my childhood and beyond that I do not remember much else.v 二、语篇的衔接与连贯(cohesion and coherence )v 汉英语篇的差别v 1 替代与重复v 老金奔过去一看，原来是一只不到500克中的羽毛刚长齐的猫头鹰。 他把猫头鹰小心翼翼装进笼子里，然后骑自行车送往离家7.5 公里的城区林业局。 林业局的工作人员把猫头鹰放归大自然。v Lao Jin hastened over and found it was a young fledgling owl no more than
10、500 grams in weight. He picked the bird up and placed it into a cage with much care. Then he cycled the bird all the way to the Municipal Forestry Bureau, 7.5 kilometers off his home. There the staff members set the creature free into the embrace of the forest. v 2 省略v 漫步山间时，听得四处竹林间的淙淙泉声，众多的细泉汇成狭长而深
11、邃的小溪，顺山势而下.v Strolling along the path, you can hear springs singing everywhere in the bamboo forest. A number of little springs assemble into a narrow but deep little river, which runs along the mountainside.v 3. 连接词和连接性词组v 女人发号施令的手段很高明，用的都是口气柔和的祈使句。但1不管怎样，事无巨细都要男人效劳总是很不应该的。他对妻子总是百依百顺，我从未听到他有过什么不耐烦的
12、表示，而且2，我听得出来，他极其恭顺而温存，仿佛这么奴仆般地被老婆支使得团团转是一种享受似的。v The woman was very good at commanding: her orders were all couched in soft-toned imperative sentences. However 1, it simply wasnt right, I thought, for her to ask her husband to do everything. But 2 to these orders of hers, he never said a word of “no
13、”, nor 3 did he reveal any sigh of impatience. On the contrary 4, his response showed that he was as meek as a lamb, seeming to regard it as a great pleasure to busy his head off for his slave master.三、语篇的文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译1.文法与翻译v 1.Wrong usage of the sentence fragmentExample v 文件已被偷走，但还没落到外国间谍的手里。v With
14、the knowledge that, although the documents have been stolen, they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent. v 改正：We knew thatv 因为到处可见被轰炸后的痕迹，在人们的脑海里留下了永久的痛苦回忆。v Because we could see the obvious signs of destruction caused by the bomb here and there, which maintained the memory in peoples mind and l
15、et the misery and sadness everlasting. v 改正：去掉句首的Because或者小写because并在该词前加逗号，跟上句连起来。v 有一半的队员因流感而卧床不起，足球比赛取消了。v The basketball game was cancelled. Because half of the players were in bed with the flu. v 改正：The basketball game was cancelled because half of the players were in bed with the flu. 2. Wrong
16、 usage of Dangling Modifierv 1.“他在街上走着，一辆轿车把他撞了”。v Walking on the street，a car hit him.v Walking on the street, he was hit by a carv When he was walking on the street，a car hit him.v 2.“在我九岁的时候，奶奶去世了”。v At the age of nine, my grandmother passed away.v When I was nine, my grandmother passed away.v 3.“尽管我还是个小男孩
