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1、1,自然拼读课程,Phonics,2,Phonics自然发音法是一套用自然记忆 的方式，建立字母与发音的直觉音感。不 用借助音标，看着字母就可以直接读出该 词的发音，解决单词不会读，无法拼的问 题。 简单说：“自然拼读法”是教学生如何看词读音或是听音拼词的方法。,3,为什么要学习自然拼读法？,美国斯坦佛大学曾经以计算机分析字母与音位的对应关系，结果发现17,008个常用词中 84%的字母与其读音是完全对应的 13%的字母与其读音是不完全对应的 3%的字母与其读音的对应关系完全无法预测,4,自然拼读法可以帮助学生,见词能读 听词能写 不容易遗忘 提高阅读和写作能力,5,一、同形不同音的字母及音标
2、,b,/b/,book big bag box,/d/,d,desk doll dog dad,f,/f/,fine friend fly foot fan,h,/h/,hat he house hand,j,/ d /,jeep jam jacket jar,k,/k/,kite cake black thank,6,l,/l/,leg left ruler flag lamp,/l/,apple bowl tell old,m,/m/,am map my mouth,n,/n/,no know new hand,p,/ p /,map jeep pig pea,qu,/kw/,quite
3、quilt quick,同形不同音的字母及音标,7,r,/r/,red radio brother racket,/t/,t,it sit not that table little,v,/v/,five vase very seven,w,/w/,we window watch want,x,/ ks /,box six fox,z,/z/,zip zoo,同形不同音的字母及音标,8,Vowel,9,二、开音节与闭音节,1）音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节,开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节,A. 绝对开音节：是指一个元音音素后面没有辅音音素 而构成的音节,例如：we, hi, yo-y
4、o, hi, no, be 等,B. 相对开音节：是指一个元音音素后面有一个辅音音素(除r)之外，最后是一个不发音的e字母构成的音节，,例如:take, make,10,闭音节：指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节,闭音节,元音字母 a, e, i(y), o, u 在重读闭音节中分别读 / /e/ /i/ / /,如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club.,11,II. Magic E,A AT ATE BE BED BEDE HI HID HIDE NO NOT NOTE U US USE,12,a-e,Magic E (神奇的E),cake take l
5、ake make face name page,e-e,these theme eve evening,o-e,nose coke rose rope hope pose,i-e,time five nine white write like lime ride,u-e,cute cube huge tube use,13,ai,ay 读/ei/,如 wait, aid；day, may.,ei,ey 读/ei/,如 veil, weight；grey, they, convey,oa, oe 读/u/,如 load, coat, toe,三、元音间的字母组合发音,ue, ui 读/u:/,如
6、 glue, suit, blue, fruit,14,ea,ee 读/i:/,如 eat, cheap；deep, need,ie,(c)ei 读/i:/,如 field, believe；receive, ceiling,oa 读/u/,如 road, soap, boat,ue 读/ju:/,如 Tuesday, value, pursue,元音间的字母组合发音,15,四、r音节 指以字母r或r +辅音字母结尾的音节,在r音节中：ar 读/:/, or 读/:/ er, ir, yr, ur 都读/:/,注：在/w/音后， ar读/:/, 如 war,warm,warn； or读/:/,
7、 如 word,work,world,worse.,16,元音字母与r aerial, aeroplane,4. ear,eer 读/i/如 ear, clear；beer, deer,26,5. our 读/au/如 our, sour, hour,6. igh 读/ai/,如 high, light, might, night,7. augh,ough 读/:/,如 daughter, caught, taught； ought,fought, thought,8. oul 在 could,should,would 中读/u/,元音字母组合的读音规则,27,九、 几个非重读后缀或字母组合的
8、读音规则,1. a 在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如 palace,comrade,village,accurate,2. e 在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency,3. i 在后缀-ible中读/, 如 possible,4. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley,28,十、其他字母组合的读音规则,1. -ful 读/ful/,如 helpful, harmful, useful,2. -g
9、ue 读/g/,如 dialogue, catalogue,3. -que 读/k/,如 cheque, picturesque,4. -ous 读/s/,如 famous, generous, nervous,5. -our 读/,如 favour, honour, labour,6. -ure 读/,如 figure, injure. 但在failure中读/j/,29,7. -ow 读/u/,如 window, yellow, pillow,8. -ture 读/,如 picture, culture, furniture,9. -ion 读/n/, 如 fashion, cushion
10、,10. -stion 读/sn/ , 如 question, sugestion, digestion,11. -i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如 audience,frontier,opinion,familar,其他字母组合的读音规则,30,十一、其他读音规则,oo,1. 读/u/,A. 在字母k前（book,look,took）,B. 在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中,C.在派生词goodness,football,woolen中,2.读/u:/ 在其余情况下读/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo,3.读/
11、/ 在flood，blood及其派生词（flooding,bloodless等）中读/ /,31,1. -sure,在元音字母后读/,如 closure, exposure,在辅音字母后读/，如 pressure,flexure(x=ks),2. -sion,在元音字母后读/n/，如 vsion, occasion, divsion,在辅音字母后读/n/，如 discussion,impression,expansion,3. -ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前读/,如： ocean； social；Asia；partial；Egyptian；suffcient；
12、patient；prcious；Russian；anxious,其他读音规则,32,十二、其他组合,kn :knit knob knee knife knock,wr :write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath,mb :bomb thumb lamb numb comb crumb,sp :spell spider spinach spaceship spoon,st :store star storm stamp stockings stick student stand,sc :scale scarf scarecrow scooter scorpion scoop
13、scanner,sk :skirt skunk skis skates,33,VII. Consonant Blends:,Beginning S-family ( st, sk, sp,) R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr) L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl) Ending N-family ( nt, nd, nk) Others (mp, st) Three letters (scr, spl, str,spr),34,VII. Consonant Blends:,st:student stone stop sp
14、:speak space spoon sc:scary scarf scar sk:sky skirt skate,S-family ( st, sk, sp,),35,VII. Consonant Blends:,bl:block blond hair blouse pl:plum plate plane gl:glue glasses glove cl:clay class clone fl:fly dragonfly butterfly,L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl),36,VII. Consonant Blends:,br:brown broom
15、brick pr:pray prince princess gr:grape grey grin cr:cry crazy crown,R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr),37,VII. Consonant Blends:,fr:Friday friend fruit tr:tree track trip dr:driver dream draw,38,VII. Consonant Blends:,sl:slid slide slow sn:snake snap snail sm:smoke smooth smile sw:swan sweater s
16、witch,39,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,ch:cherry watch beach ck:duck clock blocks sh:sheet ship sheep,40,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,gh:laugh cough tough ph:trophy photo elephant th:think three thank,41,VIII. Consonant Digraphs:,th:leather weather together wh:whale white wheel wr:wrinkle write wreath,42,VIIII. Others:,ing:king ring swing ew:new dew nephew all:wall ball tall al:salt walk talk,43,Tongue twisters（绕口令）
