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1、 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句副词性从句 第一节 知识点讲解一【主语从句】顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What
2、I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains t
3、o be seen whether the new novel will be well received. Tips: 主语从句的that绝对不能省去。因为句子是不能做主语的，故用that引导。若去掉则没有了主语，而宾语从句的that可省。主语从句：That he is right is known to all of us.宾语从句：We all know (that) he is right. 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化
4、。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the wi
5、ndow. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported t
6、hat 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从
7、句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如
8、： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation二【宾语从句】 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词)
9、或介词之后。 We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor c
10、omplained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note fo
11、r me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。 (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2. 作介词的宾语，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxi
12、ous, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she woul
13、d get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如： 正确表达：I admire their winning the match. 错误表达：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾
14、语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order(命令), accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce（公开指责）, advise, congratulate等。例如： 正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, f
