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1、.,1,托福 事实信息否定题,Cindy Da,.,2,类型分类,在否定事实信息题中，正确选项的呈现方式主要有三种类型： 单句型(即各选项内容存在于原文一句话内) 逻辑型(各选项内容以一定的逻辑形式分层次呈现) 篇章型(各选项内容全段都有涉及),.,3,破题方法-排除法-王道,.,4,单句型否定事实信息题,Paragraph 3: The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing
2、, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austrone
3、sian languages (a group of several hundred related languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E. The culture of that time, based on archaeology and linguistic reconstruction, is assumed to have had a broad inventory of cultivated plants including taro, yarns, banana, sugarcan
4、e, breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice. Just as important, the culture also possessed the basic foundation for an effective maritime adaptation, including outrigger canoes and a variety of fishing techniques that could be effective for overseas voyaging. All of the following are mentioned in paragra
5、ph 3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT A. knowledge of various Austronesian languages B. a variety of fishing techniques C. navigational skills D.knowledge of plant cultivation,.,5,解析：本题题干信息句为：The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the
6、Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. 即题干各个内容存在于原文一句话内，其中a varied inven
7、tory of fishing implements and techniques与选项B对应，因此B正确;navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place与选项C对应，因此C正确;domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions与选项D对应，因此D正确;所以，选项A错误。,.,6,第二，逻辑型否定事实信息题。,Paragraph 5: The causes of this population rebound are co
8、nsequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deerwolves, cougar, and lynxhave been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been th
9、e fate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer. In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found qual
10、ity of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations? A.A reductio
11、n in the number of predators B.Restrictions on hunting C.The effects of logging and fire D.Laws that protected feeding grounds of deer,.,7,解析：本否定事实信息题中，各选项内容以逻辑形式呈现，First, the major predators of deerwolves, cougar, and lynxhave been greatly reduced in numbers与选项A对应;Second, conservation has been insu
12、red by limiting times for and types of hunting.与选项B对应;But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the fate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.与选项C对应;选项D在原文中未提及，因此选项D错误
13、。,.,8,第三，篇章型否定事实信息题。,例如：Paragraph 4: The Ediacara fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms. Although named after a site in Australia, the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to Precambrian times. This 700-millio
14、n-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed. It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as being true of the Ediacara
15、 formation? A. It contains fossils that date back to the Precambrian period. B. It contains only soft-bodied animal fossils. C. It is located on a single site in Australia. D. It does not contain any fossils of the ancestors of modern animals.,.,9,解析：本否定事实信息题中，各选项内容在全段都有涉及，因此排除法非常重要。The Ediacara fos
16、sil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms. 与选项B对应;the Ediacara formation is worldwide in distribution and dates to Precambrian times. 与选项A对应;It contains no ancestors of modern animal groups与选项D对应;选项C错误。,.,10,不能看到原文中出现了原词就认定答案是正确的，要甄别清楚哟！,Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed to the constructive action ofwaterandtemperature changes, which easily wear the images away. Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances,air
