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1、1,独立主格结构和 with / without复合结构,2,一独立主格结构,1.概念: 充当状语 在句中可以表示时间、原因 条件、方式或伴随情况等。 2.结构: 名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing 作伴随状语时,常放在句首。 1._, they left the meeting room.（问题解决了）（settle） 2._ ,well go there on foot. (时间允许的话)(permit) (cross) 3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在头下) _,This problem settled,Time permitting,his han
2、ds crossed under his head.,l,4,()名词/代词 + (being) 形容词,_,he had to stay home to look after her.(他妈妈生病了) 2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子冻得通红) _（red） ()名词代词（being) 副词 He put on his socks，_. （反的一面在外面）(out),His mother (being) ill,his nose red with cold.,wrong side out,5,()名词代词不定式,1.I send you 100 dollars to
3、day, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed .,2._ (最后一个人的到来)，our party started.（arrive）,The last guest to arrive,6,（）名词代词介词短语,在这一结构中，如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是单数名词，这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。 1.Our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本书) 2._ the soldier rushed to the top o
4、f the mountain.(肩上一面旗帜）,book in hand,Flag on shoulder,7,()有些独立主格结构中没有分词，仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组，省去的分词一般是being 或having been，这是为了简练。但在“being+过去分词”或“there being过去分词”结构中，being不可省。,1._, he went to school.(早餐结束后)（over） 2._, we cant go there. (房间正在被油漆),Breakfast (being) over,The room being painted now,8,
5、二With和without复合结构,with和without复合结构是:with/without名词代词分词不定式形容词副词介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。,9,（）with/without名词代词现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。,I couldnt finish my work with those children _. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around () with/without 名词代词+ 过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。 In the rea
6、d-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix,10,() with/without名词代词不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。,With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled ()with/wit
7、hout名词代词形容词。 She sleeps with the window open.,11,() with/without+名词代词副词。,_ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through () with/without+名词代词介词短语。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus.,12,三wi
8、th和without复合结构 与独立主格结构的转化,（） with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时，一般可相互转换；此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。 （）作时间状语 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. =Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly sou
9、th.,13,（）作原因状语,With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.,14,(3)作条件状语,With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permi
10、ts, well visit the Summer Palace.,15,(4)作伴随状语,Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.,16,() with和without复合结构可以
11、作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。,Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.,17,1._ ten minutes _ before the last train left, we arrived at the station. A. There were; to go B. With; to go C. I
12、 was; left D. It had; left 2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because,巩固练习,18,4.It was a pity that
13、 the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of 5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being 6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands 7
14、. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled,19,8._,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.Weather _, the s
15、ports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having been,Well done!,20,非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。,21,一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told
