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1、阅读理解做题技巧,一、细节理解题： 1、直接事实题： 2、间接事实题：,先阅读题干，确定读材料的时候要查找的细节及事实的范围，然后利用略读的手法找出出处。,需结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。,Many American presidents in the 19th century were born in poor families. They spent their childrenhood in little wooden rooms. They got little education. Washington and Lincoln, for example, never
2、 went to school and they taught themselves. Lincoln once did jobs of a worker, shop-keeper and post officer in his early years. A large number of U.S presidents had experiences in the army. The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower. Grant was a general in the American Civil War
3、and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西点军校),1,Q: President Eisenhower became well- known . A. while studying in West Point Military Academy B.during the American Civil War C. after he was elected President o
4、f the U.S. D. during World War II.,Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.,二 主旨大意题,主旨题,标题类,文章主旨,段落主旨,主旨大意题的题型分类,1).What does the writer mainly tell us? 2).Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this passage? 3).Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4).Which is th
5、e subject discussed in the text? 5).The best headline for this newspaper article is _. 6).Whats the best title for this passage?,I. main idea型, 即: 主题型.,II. topic 或 title型, 即: 标题型.,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,第一步:识别文体,找主题句,新闻报道,导语提携全文,议论文,总-分-总,（论点论据结论）,说明文,主题句,（首中尾）,记叙文,记叙文六要素,寻找主题句的方法 (一) 记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句 夹叙夹议文
6、: 主题句常在议论中 说明文: 一般在首段 议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作 者的观点） 常在首段或末段（作 者观点的重申）。当然，由于写 作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段 文章中间。,寻找主题句的方法 (二) 文中出现的连词（转折but/ however，因果 so/ therefore，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that, for example, in short）, 这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句 。,寻找主题句的方法 (三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落
7、大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。 (四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨. (五)关注高频词 (常为名词),第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰,推敲选项正误的5个小窍门: 根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案 正确选项常含有概括性的词语 正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词 正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理 四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案,第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰,干扰项的特点: 概括范围太窄,常为文中具体信息或某个段落大意 概括范围太宽,所表达内容常超出文章阐述的内容 无关信息:即文中未提到或找不到
8、语言依据的信息,但看起来又是对的.,第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰,标题的特点: 简练, 全面, 范围合理, 常为名词. 忌: 范围太大, 过于笼统, 范围太小 (常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆).,如何寻找主题句,Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at ev
9、ery meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,Sample 2 Som
10、e students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,（ 2 ）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即
11、段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is ea
12、sy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.,Sample 4 （无主题句） Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He trans
13、ferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham
14、 is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.,在做主旨题时，我们要注意以下几点： 第一，注意段首，段尾。 一般来说，文章的第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的体现处,有时段首或段尾的话就是该文章的中心思想。 第二，特别关注结论性或者转折性的语言。这些表达方式有：therefore, as a result, thus, so, for example, in fact, moreover, furthermor
15、e, whats more, most important of all, but, however, rather, yet等等。,第三，在选择正确答案的过程中，尽量要避免选择过于绝对的选项。例如：选项中包含有all, completely, only, almost, absolutely, definitely等。通常正确的答案有一定的概括性和结论性，过于细节的选项往往不是正确答案，而过于笼统的选项则往往缺乏准确性，或者过于片面，需要我们在选择时注意。 第四,标题须简练,涵盖主要内容,忌其确定的范围太大或太小 ,设题伎俩常为用文中细节,或段落大意来混淆视听.,Kleptomania is
16、 an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. They things that a
