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1、Development of computer network communication technology 计算机网络通信技术的发展概况With the rapid development of science and its application in calculation in the real world, on the one hand, users are in urgent need of different computer soft hardware and information resource which sharing can be achieved. On
2、the other hand, a large class of problems with the geographical distribution, whose processing to distributed computing technology characteristics of these objective requirements led to the birth of the computer network and the development of the computer network system. In recent years, due to the
3、human society, the rapid exchange of information and fast processing needs, as well as driving the rapid development of computer and communication of the two technologies, the computer network has an unprecedented development. The computer network communication technology is the product of computer
4、technology and communication technology combined with the advanced technology,which is one of the fastest development in the world.随着计算科学及其应用的高速发展，在现实世界中，一方面，用户迫切需要实现不同计算机上软硬件和信息资源的共享，另一方面，有一大类问题本身具有地域上分布，其处理需要分布计算技术的特点这些客观要求导致了计算机网络的发展和网络计算机系统的诞生。近十多年来，由于人类社会对信息快速交换和快速处理的需求，以及在计算机和通信两大技术飞速发展的驱动下，计算
5、机网络得到空前的发展。计算机网络通信技术是计算机技术与通信技术相结合的产物，是世界上发展最快的前沿技术之一。That computer network is using the communication equipment and communication lines that will be a set of geographic distribution of the same or different computers, terminals and ancillary equipment in accordance with the interconnection of some
6、way up to a computer hardware system. On the basis of the computer hardware system, through the development that coordinate the communication system of the computer system or further network operating system, which can make a group of computer hardware and software resources share with collaborative
7、 computing and cooperatively solve a problem. By the communication system or network operating system and computer network together, we can form a network of computer systems. 所谓计算机网络是使用通信设备和通信线路将一组地理上分布的相同或不同的计算机、终端及其附属设备按照某种方式互联起来得到的一个计算机硬件系统。在这种计算机硬件系统的基础上，通过开发能协调各台计算机系统工作的通信系统或更进一步的网络操作系统，就能使一组计
8、算机实现软硬件资源共享、协同计算，合作求解一个问题。由这种通信系统或网络操作系统连同网络计算机一起，就形成了网络计算机系统。According to the difference of the data transmission range and the realization technology, the computer network is divided into the local computer network and the wide area computer network. Local computer network is a data communication
9、system, the transmission range in secondary geographical area, medium or high speed data transmission rate, which uses a dedicated data communication line or bus communication, connecting a large number of independent equipment in the physical communication channels to communicate with each other. W
10、ide area computer networks is different in cities, different nations, the computer or computer network through hierarchical interconnection technology are connected together, its transmission range can be quite far distance. At present, the most common is the use of a public or private telephone lin
11、e communication, backbone network and a number of local area network using digital communication of optical fiber and cable data communication are special lines. Network users are connected to the Internet, you can communicate with other network users far beyond the horizon through their computers,
12、through the network software to query a variety of information resources. With the computer network, and in recent years the development of broadband communication medium, and apparatus, and communication data transmission rate will continue to improve, in the future, the use of internet teaching, w
13、atching for real-time news shows, online booking and shopping, network video conference, network hospital outpatient, etc., it is no longer science fiction. On the network each computer with a node says the link between machine and machine path lines and says that they constitute a network computer
14、architecture in some of the basic algorithm of mathematical description of the object representation basis按照数据传输范围和实现技术的不同，计算机网络存在局域计算机网络和广域计算机网络之分。局域计算机网络是一个数据通信系统，其传输范围在中等地理区域，使用中等或高速数据传输速率，使用专用数据通信线或总线进行通信，可联接大量独立设备，在物理通信通道上互相通信。广域计算机网络把不同城市、不同国家中的计算机或计算机网络通过分级互联技术联接起来，其传输范围可达到相当远的距离，目前最常见的是使用公用或
15、专用电话线通信，主干网和一些局域网使用可进行数字通信的光纤光缆数据通信专用线。联接到网上的网络用户，可以通过自己的计算机与远在天边的其他网络用户进行通信，通过网络软件查询网上的各种信息资源。有了计算机网络，加上近年来宽带通信介质和设备的开发，以及通信数据传输速率的不断提高，今后，利用互联网教学、收看实时新闻节目、网上订票和购物、网络电视会议、网络医院门诊，等等，就不再是科学幻想。网络上的每台计算机用一个结点表示机器与机器之间的链路用线和路径表示，他们构成了网络计算机体系结构中一些基本算法研究中数学描述的对象表示基础。Computer communication network is the c
16、ombination of computer technology and communication technology, and the formation of a new communication mode, mainly to meet the needs of data communication. It a different geographical area, with independent functions of multiple computers, terminals and ancillary equipment connected by the communication link, and is equipped with the corresponding network software, communication system to realize the sharing of resources in the commu
