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1、1 高三英语高效课堂资料 高三语法复习 -非谓语动词 【学习目标】 1. 熟记非谓语动词的基本用法，掌握考点；提升活用非谓语动词的活用能力。 2. 自主探究，动脑思考；体会总结不同语境下活用非谓语动词的技巧。 3. 积极高效，挑战自我；体验成功的喜悦。 【语法导学】 I. 概况 I. 包括：不定式；过去分词；现在分词；动名词（现在分词；动名词合称为V-ing Form ） II. 句法功能： 主语宾语 表语定语状语宾补同位语 不定式 过去分词 现在分词 动名词 III. 具体用法： 1不定式与动名词作主语与表语的区别： 1）不定式表示具体的，一次性的动作；动名词表示抽象的，经常性的动作。 Wa
2、lking is a good form of exercise. 如果不定式或动名词短语作主语，常用作形式主语。 It s hard for us to finish the work in a day. It s no use complaining about it. 2）逻辑主语： 不定式的逻辑主语：It s +adj. +for/ of sb to do 动名词的逻辑主语： The president s / His attending the meeting himself gave us a great deal of encourage. （形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 +动名
3、词作主语） The discovery of new evidence led to the thief( s)/ his(him) being caught. （形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 /代词宾格 +动名词作宾语） 2. 定语： 不定式作定语： 1）不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的动宾关系：（动作将要发生） 注意： a. 如果不定式动作由句子的主语发出，不定式用主动形式；如果不定式动作并非由句子的 主语发出，不定式用被动形式。 Do you have any clothes to wash? (主语 you 洗 ) Do you have any clothes to be washed?
4、 (被别人洗 ) Do you have anything to be taken to Beijing? b. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地 点，工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. The professor is easy to get along with. 2) 不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的主谓关系：（不定式通常用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。 ） She was the first woman to win
5、 the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 2 3）不定式与被修饰词存在逻辑上的同位语关系：（不定式用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有： ability, chance, idea, habit, fact, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time等。 ） Do you have the ability to read and write English? 现在分词作定语： 分词动作与被修饰词为逻辑上的主谓关系，常表示分词动作正在进行或持续发生。 Do you know
6、the person talking to our head teacher? 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动完成；We have known the plan discussed yesterday. 不及物动词的过去分词仅表示动作完成。(the fallen leaves) 3. 状语： 1）不定式可以作目的、原因、结果状语（常表示意想不到的结果）。 Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of music. ( 目的状语 ) I am sorry to hear about you failure.
7、( 原因状语 ) He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (结果状语 ) 2）分词作主语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有 逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则一般不能使用分词作状语。 Seeing from the hill, we can get a good sight of the city. ( 时间状语 ) Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. (时间状语 ) Bitten twice, the postman ref
8、used to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (原因状语 ) Being repaired, the car can t be used. (原因状语 ) Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. ( 条件 ) 3）独立主格结构（作状语） 名词 / 代词+ V-ing / V-ed / adj./ adv./ to do sth / prep. phrase There being a good
9、chance for him to go abroad, he tried his best to catch it. Homework finished, he went out to play basketball. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 4） with 的复合结构（ 作状语和后置定语） with + 宾语+ V-ing / V-ed / adj./ adv./ to do sth / prep. phrase With production up by 60%, the company has an
10、other excellent year. ( 状语 ) Who was that woman with a baby in her arms? ( 后置定语 ) 4. 宾语补足语：to do sth / doing / done / being done Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt. It s wrong of you to leave the machine running. I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. I heard an English
11、song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. II. 考查重难点 纵观历年高考试卷中有关非谓语动词的考题，可以发现高考对非谓语动词的考查主要是从以下 几个方面来进行的： 1 作状语时， doing, having done, having been done 和 done 的区别 (1) doing 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，且表示一个主动的动作。 例如： The students left the hall, laughing and talking Hearing the n
12、ews, we jumped with joy. ( 几乎同时发生) (2)having done 表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个主动的动作。 例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed （3） having been done 表示非谓语动作在谓语动作之前发生，且表示一个被动的动作。 例如：Having been told that some guests were coming, they got the room ready （4） done 表示被动和完成：Built in 1991, the building is s
13、till in good condition. (状语 ) 【典例分析】_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water 3 and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 解析：根据hotline 与 putinto use 之间的被动关系可排除B 和 C；D（being done 通常不用 作状语）表示“正在被使用”，这与 in April 2000 是矛盾的，故A 为正确答案。 _
14、 from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 解析：根据Australia 与 separate 之间的被动关系可排除B；A（being done 通常不用作状语） 表示“正在被分开” ，故答案是C，表示该被动动作发生在谓
15、语动作has之前。 2作定语时，done, being done 和 to be done 的区别 This is a discussed problem. 这是一个已经讨论了的问题。（已经完成的被动动作） This is a problem being discussed. 这是一个正在讨论的问题。（正在进行的被动动作） This is a problem to be discussed. 这是一个将要讨论的问题。（将要进行的被动动作） 注意： being done 表示一个正在进行的被动动作。常作定语，宾语，但很少作宾补，状语。 The book being written is mean
16、t for children. 【典例分析】Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 解析： knowing 表示主动首先排除A； being known 表示“正在出名” ； to be known 表示将要出名；known 表示已经出名，故B 正确。 3作感官动词的宾补时doing, (to) do 和 done 的区别 Did you hear anyone singing in the next room ? 你听到有人 在隔壁唱歌 吗？ (主动、正在进行) Did you ever hear anyone sing the song in English? 你曾听过有人用英语唱过 这首歌吗？ (主动、已经完成或动作的全过程) Did you hear the song sung in E
