《2.021年浙江新高考英语一轮复习一遍过：考点19 阅读理解主旨大意题（教师版）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2.021年浙江新高考英语一轮复习一遍过：考点19 阅读理解主旨大意题（教师版）（38页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 高考一轮高考一轮考点一遍过考点一遍过 分项解析分项解析逐一击破逐一击破 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 考点考点 19 阅读理解之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确 获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信 息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括 能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下： (1
2、) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _. (5) What is mainly discussed in the te
3、xt? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (8) The purpose of this passage is. (9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (10) Which of the following best summarized the passage? (11) The passag
4、e mainly focuses on. 从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心 思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意 主题句定位法主题句定位法 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思 想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨
5、大意的关键。主题是文章要 表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。 “主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方 法。 但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下， 尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主 题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句） 。 因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时， 一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和
6、主题信息。 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况： 1. 中心主题句出现在文首中心主题句出现在文首 开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见 的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。 新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是 对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。 （2018新课标卷 I）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of year
7、s, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had ju
8、st five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-
9、 state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6
10、,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2
11、 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6
12、,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to hav
13、e much chance of survival. 31. What is the min idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages C. Human development results in fewer languages D. Geography determines language evolution. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 【答案】C 【解析】主旨要义题。根据文
14、章第一段中的主题句 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进 行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选 C。 2. 主题句出现在文尾主题句出现在文尾 在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式， 即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。 The famous American g
15、orilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship. Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in
16、 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster(a frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired. Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by
