《高考完形填空解题技巧公开课ppt课件》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考完形填空解题技巧公开课ppt课件(55页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、.,1,高考英语专题复习 -完形填空解题技巧指导 By Chen Guishan,.,2,Funny Time A drunk guy approaches a cute girl in a singles bar. Hi Babe, how about a date? He says. Dont waste your time. I never go out with a perfect stranger. It seems we are both in luck. Im far from perfect.,在这个笑话里,美女口中指“complete(完全的)”,醉汉的理解则是“flawle
2、ss(完美的)”。,.,3,【学习目标】: 1. 熟练运用所学词汇,并学会充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索进行选择。 2. 通过限时训练,学会整体归纳、总结提炼的方法。 3. 全力以赴投入学习,培养积极的人生态度。,.,4,一、考纲要求与说明,完形填空题型考查考生语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力。这种题型既可以测试词汇、句法等语言方面的知识,又可以考查学生的理解、联想、判断、推理等方面的思维能力,具有较强的区分度,对考生的能力要求较高 。,二、完形填空的命题原理,一篇文章有其主题思想,篇章结构,行文逻辑关系及语言特色,即使挖去一些词语,仍可通过对剩余部分的内容所作的分析与判断,准确推知空去的词语。,
3、.,5,词汇题,高考完形填空 考什么?,篇章结构 (语境),句际关系,结合选项,.,6,完型填空试题主要特点:,1.通常从一篇300词左右,文章中设空15个,首句不挖空;,2. 干扰项设计严密.一般情况下,四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用;,3.突出语篇(语境),强调应用,注重交际;,4.大多富有积极的教育意义,给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣;,.,7,细读文章的第一句话,高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句(Topic Sentence),这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”,它的句意往往为
4、全文提供中心信息,能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。 充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利。,.,8,例:,On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and carried an article 22 the death of Alfred Nobel. 2009年广东高考,.,9,例如: 2010广东高考,Every country has its own culture.
5、Even though each country uses doors,doors may have 21 functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences.,.,10,(一)上下求索寻信息 因为答案信息点有的在空格前,有的在空格后,有的在前文和后文都有出现,需要综合考虑或相互印证。有时,还要根据上、下文提供的信息,结合常识,进行适当的逻辑推理,才可得出正确答案。不管题目有多难,都一定能在上下文中找到线索。,根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题研究, 我们归纳了以下一些解题方法:,.,11,例1 (2013广东)The number sense
6、 is not the ability to count, but the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not . However, if you remove two, the birdleaves. This means that the
7、 bird knows the 5 between two and three. 1. A. rise B. pattern C. change D. trend 5. A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval,.,12,答题时, 眼睛不能只盯在空格上或只盯在空格所在的这一个句子上, 一定要“左顾右盼”, 弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意, 常常不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系, 这时需要根据上下文的意思来定夺。,2. 左顾右盼找搭配,.,13,解析:根据动宾搭配, 在四个选项中, 能与名词the Nobel prizes(诺贝尔奖)搭配的
8、, 只有establish (设立), 即“设立诺贝尔奖”。用他的大部分钱去“构成/开发/促进”诺贝尔奖, 是讲不通的。,例2 Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes, which would be awarded to people who. A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote,.,14,有时, 若单独看空格处或空格所在句,其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都不错, 句子也通顺, 但结合全文内容来理解, 就只
9、有一个是最佳答案了。因此, 选择答案时, 一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境, 而且要在全文中也讲得通, 即贯通全文。,3. 思前想后通全文,.,15,例3 Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite (炸药).the article read. “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became_ by finding ways to kill more people faster th
10、an ever before, died yesterday.” .Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to. A. famous B. sick C. rich D. popular,解析:若单独看空前的became, 填四个选项都没 有语法错误, 但是由前文中的became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of his money可知, rich为最佳答案, 故选C。,.,16,(一)通读全文,理解大意 重视首句信息,跳过空格,浏览全文,从整体上感知全文
11、,理解短文大意,这是解题的基础。这一步非常重要,万万不可忽视。,1-2mins,.,17,(二)瞻前顾后,初选答案,在理解短文大意的情况下,结合各选项的意义和用法,与前后词语的习惯搭配,特别是上下文语境选择(上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联系,所在句与周围句群的关系,所在句在本段中所起的作用,所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等)。可以先解决那些自己有把握的题,对少数难题,暂时跳过,在上文中难以判断的题或许在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了,一个在前面不能解答的题或许在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。 7-8mins,.,18,(三)复读全文,解决残敌 将有把握的答案填入
12、空格处,借助已经补全的空格,我们对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的个别难题。 1-2mins (四)再次复读,弥补疏漏 全部做好后,考生务必要结合自己选择的答案(建议将答案填入空格处)重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。 检查答案是否符合逻辑,符合作者意图,符合语法惯用法,确保流畅。1-2mins,.,19,根据广东高考完形填空题的特点,只要了解上述三个原则,遵循四个步骤,灵活运用以下五个技巧,任何完形难题都可得到顺利解决。希望同学们一定要理解、掌握以下五个技巧。,.,20,某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的倾向性,叫词语同现,也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系,或
13、者同类互补关系等,如different与same; cruel与friendly; death (死亡) 与destruction (毁灭); ill与pale, patient, nurse, doctor, operation等。,(一)词语同现,.,21,一个语篇往往会围绕着某一主题或话题,与此相关的词就可能会共同出现,以实现语篇衔接。如2011年广东高考完形填空的短文,是围绕“把 优生从普通班里分离出去会带来严重问题”这一 主题展开的,涉及这一主题的可能有“普通班” “特殊班” “优生” “普通生”,以及“学校” “老师” “学习”等等,因此, special, gifted, int
14、elligent, top, regular,average,school,classes,teachers, children,learning这些相互关联的词语就很可能会同时出现在语篇之中。,了解词语同现, 对正确解答完形填空题很有帮助。请运用词语同现的技巧,解答以下高考真题,并说明正确选项与哪些词同现。,.,22,1. (2013广东)A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that has a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. Th
15、e bird did not _ until the man left the tower. A. relax B. recover C. react D. return,D 与left (离开)相对同现的应是return (回来),故选D。“放松”“恢复”“起反应”与语境不符。,.,23,3. (2012广东)For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is _ acceptable.,A. seldom B. rarely C. merely D. never,
16、D believe后的thatand that是两个并列的宾语从句, 表达的观点应前后一致。其中, tell the truth与lying相对, 而与always相对的应是never。always与never是反义同现。,.,24,4. (2012广东) Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is _to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and still be kind to animals,A. awful B. cruel C. unhealthy D. unnecessary,B 由but可知,应选与下文中kind相对的cruel。kind与cruel是反义同现。,.,25,词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等 方式在同一语篇中重复出