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1、Translation of Words,Chapter Three Part 1,课件制作： 翟老师 QQ: 8266148,Translation of Words,I. Choice of Words（词义的选择） II. Extension of Words（词义的引申 ） III. Emotional Coloring of Words（词义的褒贬） Exercises,I. Choice of Words（词义的选择）,1.1 根据词在句中的词类（part of speech）来选择和确定词义 1.2 根据上下文联系（context）以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义,1.1
2、根据词在句中的词类（part of speech）来选择和确定词义,Like charges repel; unlike charges attract 相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词） In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发光。（介词） Like knows like. 英雄识英
3、雄。（名词）,1.2 根据上下文联系（context）以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义 2-1,He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那件事。 He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作,1.2 根据上下文联系（context）以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义 2-2,He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 He is the last man to consult. 根本不宜
4、找他商量。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。,II. Extension of Words（词义的引申 ）,英译汉时，有时不能从字典中找出恰当的对应的词义，可根据该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择比较恰当的汉语词汇来表达。 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。,III. Fe
5、elings of Words（词义的褒贬）,3.1 英语本身有褒贬，汉译时对应译出 3.2 英语本身中立（neutral），根据上下文决定褒贬,3.1 英语本身有褒贬，汉译时对应译出,He was a man of high renown (fame). 他是位有名望的人。（褒commendatory） Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利总是吹嘘说他曾同总统谈过话。（贬derogatory）,3.2 英语本身中立，根据上下文决定褒贬,He was asked to reflect on his hopes
6、and ambitions. 有人请他谈了他的希望和抱负。（褒commendatory） He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。（贬derogatory sense）,Exercises,1.试译下列各句，注意根据right在句中的词类来确定它的词义 2.试译下列各句，注意根据上下文及搭配关系来确定词义 3.试译下列各句，注意根据上下文及逻辑关系对斜体词作进一步引申 4.试译下列各句，注意根据上下文来确定斜体词的褒贬,1.试译下列各句，注意根据right在句中的词类来确定
7、它的词义：,It is not right for children to sit up late. The plane was right above our heads. In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.,1.试译下列各句，注意根据right在句中的词类来确定它的词义：,It is not right for children to sit up late.
8、 孩子们睡得晚不好。（形容词） The plane was right above our heads. 飞机正好在我们头上面。（副词） In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed. 照片底片上，左右黑白与正片恰好相反。（名词） She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. 她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫申冤。（动词）,2.试译下列各句，注意根据上下文及搭配关系来确定词义：,(1) account for (2) make u
9、p (3) figure,(1) account for:,He is ill; that accounts for his absence. In this battle he accounted for five of the enemy. I want you to account for every cent you spent.,(1) account for:,He is ill; that accounts for his absence. 他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。 In this battle he accounted for five of the enemy. 他在这场
10、战斗中消灭了五个敌人。 I want you to account for every cent you spent. 我要你把花费的每分钱都交代清楚。,(2) make up 2-1,If the stove isnt made up, it will go out. There isnt any girl called Clementine. Hes just made her up. Half the roads in the region are still to be made up. Society is made up of people with widely differin
11、g abilities.,(2) make up: 2-1,If the stove isnt made up, it will go out. 如不添煤，炉子就会熄灭。 There isnt any girl called Clementine. Hes just made her up. 根本没有个叫克莱门蒂的姑娘，全是他捏造出来的。 Half the roads in the region are still to be made up. 这地区的路面有一半还没有修好。 Society is made up of people with widely differing abilitie
12、s. 社会是由具有迥然不同的能力的人组成的。,(2) make up 2-2,It took Laurence Oliver more than an hour to make up for the part of “Othello”. They made up a bed on the sofa for the unexpected visitor. We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.,(2) make up: 2-2,It took Laurence Oliver more than an hour to
13、 make up for the part of “Othello”. 扮演“奥赛罗”这个角色，劳伦斯奥利维花了一个多小时化装。 They made up a bed on the sofa for the unexpected visitor. 他们把沙发收拾一下让这位不速之客睡。 We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston. 我们不得不加快车速，以弥补在波士顿所耽误的时间。,(3) figure:,The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures. Dr. E
14、liot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning. On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato. He saw dim figures moving towards him. June was good at figure skating.,(3) figure:,The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures. 对外贸易的数字有了空前的增涨。 Dr. Eliot was one of the most r
15、evered figures in the world of learning. 艾黎奥特博士是学术界最受尊敬的人物之一。 On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato. 书桌上有一尊柏拉图的铜像。 He saw dim figures moving towards him. 他隐隐约约看见一些人影在向他跟前移动。 June was good at figure skating. 琼善于花式溜冰。,3.试译下列各句，注意根据上下文及逻辑关系对斜体词作进一步引申：,The wedding, which Heyward still remembere
16、d with pride, was attended by a Whos who of Boston Society. The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era the Industrial Age. Money had become King.,3.试译下列各句，注意根据上下文及逻辑关系对斜体词作进一步引申：,The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Whos who of Boston Society. 参加婚礼的有波士顿社会名流，赫华德想到这次婚礼时，仍然感到非常得意。 The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era the Industrial Age. Money had become King. 机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元即工业时代，金钱成了主宰一切的权威。,4.试译下列
