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1、,Sentence Structure 句型结构,句型-按照英语中的动词的类型(五种,即:不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。 一、 1.主语+不及物动词 (SV句型)=主谓结构:本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如:The sun rises. Tom has already left. 谓语可有修饰语-状语。 They had to travel by air or boat.,2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型)=主系表结构:本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。 系动
2、词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Deep water stays stil
3、l. She is in good health.,3.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 (SVO句型) =主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 如: 1. Tom has made a mistake. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.,4.主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO句型) =双宾语结构:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+
4、直接宾语(事物)”组成。 如:介词to或for. He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有: (需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等 (需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose,
5、draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,5.主语 + 复合动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(SVOC句型) 复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点。 可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。 如: The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. My mother a
6、sked me to clean my room. The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式宾语,即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如: I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,6.There be 句型: 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand,
7、come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等,但一般不用have。 如:There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。 如 :there is/are there was/were there will be there is /are going to be. there has/have been there might be there must b
8、e there used to be there happen/happens/happened to be ,二 1.并列句。并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成,一般由并列连词、连接副词或逗号、分号、冒号等将各分句连接起来。 1.由分号连接。 eg. Lets start early; we have a long way to go. 2.由并列连词及词组连接-and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /bothand/not onlybut also/as well as/
9、 or else/ eitheror /neithernor/notbut等。 eg: Id like to, but I have lots of homework to do. Both my father and mother are teachers. Its very good, yet I dont like it. She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.,2.复合句 构成:由一个逐句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构,但主句是全局的主体,从句只是全句中的一个成分,不能独立存在。从句通常是用引
10、导词来引导的,引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。 分类:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句),形容词性从 句(定语从句),副词性从句(状语从句)。,主语从句-定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 引导主语从句的关联词有三类: (1)从属连词that. 如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. (2)从属连词whether. 如:Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3)连接代词who,whom,w
11、hose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词 where,when,how,why. 如: What she did is not yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. Whoever comes is welcome.,主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有: A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,e
12、tc.)+that从句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如: Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如: It is reporte
13、d that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.,D.It+seem,appear, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如: It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如: It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 2.注意连接代词whoev
14、er,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 Whoever comes will be welcome. Whatever he did was right. Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.,宾语从句:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 构成:关联词+简单句。 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类: (1)从属连词that.如: He told us that he felt ill. 注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。 1.Everybody could see wh
15、at happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。) 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。) 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。) 4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances
16、,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。),(2)从属连词if/whether.如: I doubt whether he will succeed. I dont know if you can help me. (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词 where,when,how,why. 如: I wonder what hes writing to me about. Ill tell you why I asked you to come. You may do what you will.,(4)介词宾语从句-宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如: He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 有时介词可以省略。 如: I dont care (for)