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1、,Sentence Structure 句型结构,句型-按照英语中的动词的类型(五种，即：不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。 一、 1.主语+不及物动词 (SV句型)=主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 谓语可有修饰语-状语。 They had to travel by air or boat.,2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型）=主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 系动
2、词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: Our English teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields. Deep water stays stil
3、l. She is in good health.,3.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 (SVO句型) =主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 如： 1. Tom has made a mistake. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.,4.主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO句型) =双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+
4、直接宾语（事物）”组成。 如:介词to或for. He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： (需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等 (需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose,
5、draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,5.主语 + 复合动词 + 宾语 + 宾补(SVOC句型) 复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点。 可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。 如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. My mother a
6、sked me to clean my room. The teacher made all students finish their homework on time. 用 it 做形式宾语，即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。 如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,6.There be 句型： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand,
7、come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。 如:There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town. Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。 如 :there is/are there was/were there will be there is /are going to be. there has/have been there might be there must b
8、e there used to be there happen/happens/happened to be ,二 1.并列句。并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成，一般由并列连词、连接副词或逗号、分号、冒号等将各分句连接起来。 1.由分号连接。 eg. Lets start early; we have a long way to go. 2.由并列连词及词组连接-and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /bothand/not onlybut also/as well as/
9、 or else/ eitheror /neithernor/notbut等。 eg: Id like to, but I have lots of homework to do. Both my father and mother are teachers. Its very good, yet I dont like it. She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.,2.复合句 构成：由一个逐句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句通常是用引
10、导词来引导的，引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。 分类：名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句），形容词性从 句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。,主语从句-定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that. 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. （2）从属连词whether. 如：Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，w
11、hose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词 where，when，how，why. 如： What she did is not yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. Whoever comes is welcome.,主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，e
12、tc.）+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B.It+be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如： Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如： It is reporte
13、d that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.,D.It+seem，appear, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. E.It+doesnt matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 2.注意连接代词whoev
14、er，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 Whoever comes will be welcome. Whatever he did was right. Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.,宾语从句：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 构成：关联词+简单句。 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如： He told us that he felt ill. 注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1.Everybody could see wh
15、at happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。） 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。） 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。） 4.We decided，in view of his special circumstances
16、，that we would admit him for a probationary period.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。）,（2）从属连词if/whether.如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I dont know if you can help me. （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词 where，when，how，why. 如： I wonder what hes writing to me about. Ill tell you why I asked you to come. You may do what you will.,（4）介词宾语从句-宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如： He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 有时介词可以省略。 如： I dont care （for）
