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1、The adverbial clause,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 当状语为句子时即为状语从句， 一般可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、结果等概念。,(一)、状语从句定义,For example：,Jim joined the army in 1989. Jim joined the army when he was 20. He learned English in America. He learned English where he lived . I will help you if you ask me. He wears a T-shirt though it is c
2、old.,状语 从句,时间状 语从句,地点状 语从句,条件状 语从句,原因状 语从句,让步状 语从句,结果状 语从句,目的状 语从句,(二）状语从句分类,1.时间状语从句：,1）由when引导。when指的是“当.时候”。,When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. We shall go there when we are free.,常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until,We were about to set off when
3、it suddenly began to rain. We were having a meeting when someone broke in. He had just fallen asleep when the phone rang.,我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来。,我们正开着会突然有人闯入。,他刚刚睡着电话就响了,2）由while、as 引导。,while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。,as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，从句常译作“一边一边”。,如： While it was raining, they went out. Str
4、ike while the iron is hot. He hurried home, looking behind as he went.,3）由before、after 引导。,before表示在之前。,after译为“在之后”。,如： Be a pupil before you become a teacher. He arrived after the game started.,4）由till、until 引导。,如： We waited till (until) he came back. She didnt stop working until eleven oclock.,un
5、til/till引导时间状语从句，意为“直到” 。当主句的谓语动词时延续性动词，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词时，主句常用否定形式。Notuntil意为“直到才”,”在.之前没有.”。 Ill stay here until/till you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。 He didnt go to bed until/till he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。,5）由since,as soon as 引导。,Great changes have taken place in China since he came
6、 back in1978. Ill tell her about the matter as soon as she returns home. Jerry rushed home as soon as he heard the news,还有： no sooner.than，hardly.when，the second，immediately等。,since意为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时,As soon as 意为“一就” 若主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。,2.地点状语从句： 由where引导。“在.地方”,如： Where there is a will
7、, there is a way. There are plenty of sheep where I live. Where theres plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.,3.原因状语从句：,because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。,如： I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.,常用引导词：because，since，as,Mark is absent today because he is ill.,1）由because引导。,2）由since，a
8、s引导。,since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可知道的原因,多放句首。 as意为“由于”,如： Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.,As he was in a hurry, Jack left his bag home. 由于走的匆忙，杰克把包落在了家里。,4.目的状语从句： 由so that, in order that引导。,目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might), can (could), should 等连用，从句往往放在主句之后, 主从句之间不用任何标点符号。,如： I shall write down y
9、our telephone number so that I may not forget it.,Tom ran very quickly in order that he could catch up with Jack.,5.结果状语从句：,We turned up the radio so that everyone heard the news.,常用引导词：so that , sothat，suchthat（so接形容词、副词；such接名词）,1）由so that，sothat引导。,He was so selfish that nobody wanted to make fri
10、ends with him. It is such an nice weather that Id like to take a walk.,2）由suchthat引导。,suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat, 还可以转换用sothat，语气较强。,It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.,= It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.,Its such a good chance
11、that we must not miss it.,这是如此好的机会，我们一定不要错过。,6.条件状语从句： 由if，unless，as/so long as引导。,unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。,We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. =We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.,You may borrow this book as long as you keep it clean. Ill open
12、 the window if you dont mind.,7.让步状语从句：,though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式，多放主句的前面。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but），但可以与yet或still连用。,Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.,Even though you like it, I wont buy it for you. Though she works hard, She failed in the exam.,1
13、）由though，although引导。,常用引导词：though，although，as, while , even if/though, whever,2）由as引导。,as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。,Child as he is , he knows a lot.,=Though/Although he is a child , he knows a lot.,Much as I like it，I wont buy the expensive car.,Difficult as the task was，they managed to finish it
14、 in time.,while表示“虽然，尽管”之意，一般放句首。,3）由while引导,While I respect him, I cant agree with him.,While he is a boy, he can speak 3 languages.,4）由even if，even though引导。,even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使” 多用于书面语中。,如： Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.,Whatever happens (may happen)，dont be surprised. No
15、matter what happens (may happen)，dont be surprised.,5.由wh词ever引导让步状语从句 = no matter wh-,No matter how hard he tried, he could not pass the exam.,However hard he tried ,he could not pass the exam.,1. 填入适当的引导词。 1. I havent heard from him _ he went to America. 2. He wont be here _ he is invited. 3. He w
16、ill not go to the cinema _ he is very busy. 4. We found the books _ he had gone away.,since,unless,because,after,【精练】,5 . He is explaining clearly _ they could understand. 6. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test. 7. She sang _ she went along.,so that,until,as,2. 改错。 Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 2. Since her husband had died, so she had to supporther family.,Wherever,
