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1、1,Ellipsis,省略,2,什么叫省略？,为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。,3, 简单句中的省略 并列句中的省略 状语从句中的省略 定语从句中省略 名词性从句中的省略 动词不定式的省略 介词的省略 使用so，not等时的省略,省 略 的 类 型,4,一、简单句的省略,1.省略主语。 i.e. (I) Beg your pardon . (It) Sounds like a good idea . 2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分。 i.e. (Is there) Anything I can do for you ? (Is) Anybody her
2、e ?,5,3.省略主语和谓语，或谓语的一部分。 i.e. (Are you) Hungry ? (I want) orange juice, please. 4.省略宾语或表语。 i.e. -Where has Mr. Smith gone ? -Sorry ,I dont know (where he has gone) . -Who has an English dictionary? -I have . -I am an English teacher . -I am ,too .,6,二、在由and或but连接的并列句中， 为避免重复，常省略一些重复的词或词组。,1.省略共同的主语。
3、 i.e. Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher . 2.若主语不同而谓语助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。 i.e. Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework .,7,3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。 i.e. His advice made me happy ,but (his advice made) Jim angry . 4.若主语
4、不同，但谓语及后续部分相同，则省略谓语及后续部分。 i.e. I was born in winter in 1998 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1989 . 5.省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。 i.e. He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train .,8,三、状语从句中的省略,1.在when ,while ,whenever ,till /until, if , unless, as soon as , as if/ though ,than, a
5、s, whether 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时，则省略从句主语和be动词。 i.e. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning . His opinion ,whether (it is) right or wrong ,would be considered . Ill buy a TV set if (it is) possible . If (it is) necessary, I will go . Dont speak until/till (you are) spoken
6、to . Fewer people came than (they were) expected . Please do the work as (you are) told to . I will not go to the meeting unless (I am) invited .,9,2.虚拟条件句常省略if，并将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。 i.e. Should there be a flood (=if there should be a flood ), what should we do ? Had he taken my advice (=if he
7、had taken my advice ), he would be a college student now . Were she my daughter (=if she were my daughter), I wouldnt allow her to study abroad .,10,四、定语从句中的省略,1.在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词whom/who，which，that可省略 i.e. He is the man (whom/ who/ that) you can safely depend on . The book (which/that) you bought
8、is good . 2.the way 作先行词在定语从句中作状语，可以用in which/that 引导，也可以省略不用。 i.e. I dont like the way (in which/that) you talk to your mother .,11,五、在名词性从句中的省略,1.在know，think，consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不省略。 i.e. He said (that) the text was very impor
9、tant and that we should learn it by heart .,12,2.由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句，可省略从句的句子，只保留引导词。 i.e. She will come back ,but he doesnt know when (she will come back).,13,3. insist， order ，command ， suggest，advise, propose， request，require，demand, desire后面的宾语从句或主语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，sho
10、uld可以省略。 i.e. He ordered that the meeting (should) be held at once. He advised that I (should) not go abroad . It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film .,一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求,14,4. 名词suggestion, proposal , advice, order ,demand, requirement, decision等后面的同位语从句和表语从句省略should。 He made a sugges
11、tion that they (should) hold an English speech contest . Doctors give us some advice that we (should) pay more attention to our health . My suggestion is that we (should) walk home instead of taking a taxi. The requirement is that every student should donate one or two books .,同位语从句,表语从句,15,5.主语从句中的
12、省略。 It is important/necessary/essential/vital/ strange/surprising/natural that (should) do it is suggested/advised/requested/ required/ordered/proposed/decided that(should) do i.e. It is suggested that we (should) prevent water from being polluted.,16,六、动词不定式的省略,1.省略to后面的动词。 在同一个句子或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，动
13、词不定式符号to后面的动词或短语常常被省略。 这种情况常用于： 动词（短语）refuse， like，love， would like，would love，wish，want，hope，expect，intend，try，forget，prefer，mean等之后； 在be going to , be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to之后； 以及形容词afraid，happy，glad，pleased，delighted，willing，ready等之后。,17,i.e. -Would you like to come tonight ?
14、-Id love to (come tonight). -I am going shopping .will you go with me ? -Id like to (go with you), but I am busy now . -Do you think you can pass the driving test ? -I hope so /I expect to (pass the driving test). -Will you do me a favor ? -I am glad to. The child wanted to play in the street but hi
15、s mother asked him not to (play in the street). I broke the vase but I didnt mean to (break the vase) .,18,i.e. I am not a doctor now ,but I hope to be (a doctor) in the future . Mary hasnt finished typing the article ,but she ought to have (finished it). -Was Mr. black a soldier ? -He ought to have
16、 been (a soldier).,注：如果不定式to后面是be, have，have been动词，通常 要保留它们。,19,2. 省略不定式符号to。,并列不定式，第一个带to,后面的省略to。 i.e. My work is to look after the children and (to) teach them English . I want to go and (to) see him. 但是当并列两个不定式表示对比关系时，第二个to不能省略。 i.e. To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter . We live to give but not to get .,To不能省略,20,当不定式做表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及do的各种形式，则to可省略。 i.e. What he wants to do is (to) go home . 动词have(
