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1、The war of Independence,The war of Independence,The cause of the war. The war is inevitable A. the backdrop of home England. The monarch and parliament were locked in a fierce battle for supremacy failed to formulate a well-founded and consistent policy for colonies weak political control Haphazard
2、development of colonies follow their only plan. “ the settlement was never pursued upon any regular plan ; grew and flourished as accidents as climate. Colonies were private ventures , by individuals and groups, chartered by British government but given little supervision.,The running of colonies: a
3、 governor by crown or proprietors. He appointed some important people council. Free inhabitant allowed to elect representatives to join the council who made up assemblies managing colonial affair and passing ordinances. Britains main concern with colonies mercantilism; It passed a series of trade re
4、gulations “ Navigation Acts( 1651 1696): all goods shipped to England and her colonies be carried in ships owned and manned by Englishmen. All foreign goods going to the English colonies had to be shipped via Britain , where they could be taxed Tobacco, sugar, lumber, cotton shipped to Britain for m
5、anufactured goods Spain and France the rivals for Britain in expansion. Expansion lead to reduced size of living space of Indians,French and Indian war. The French and Indian War referred as part of the larger conflict known as the Seven Years War, was a war fought in North America between 1754 and
6、1763. The name French and Indian War refers to the two main enemies of the British: the royal French forces and the various Native American forces allied with them. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between the nations of France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of Canada.
7、The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. To compensate its ally, Spain, for its loss of Florida to the British, France ceded its control of French Louisiana west of the Mississippi. Frances colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to
8、 the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Britains position as the dominant colonial power in North America. In 1759, The British captured Quebec. The next year, the city of Montreal fell to English. End of French rule in Canada. The fighting continue elsewhere for two intermittent
9、years with British surrender Cuba from Spain , one of French allies.,Spain later turned Florida over England in exchange of Cuba. England got all Canada and all the land between the Mississippi river and the Appalachians. France gave New Orleans and all of its territory west of Mississippi to Spain
10、as a sort of compensation for loss of Florida. Britian become the strongest sea power and begin to rule the waves. Side results of the war : a. the birth of a new general Washington distinguished and military capable. b. the way strengthened cooperation and unity of the colonies. c. the idea of unif
11、ication emerged d. the double new territory rendered it difficult for Britsh control over colonies.,Events lead to revolution,Boston Massacre: Results: committee of correspondence were set up all through colonies and it promoted the cooperation and strengthen the unity among colonists.,Boston Tea Pa
12、rty,King George III and his government wanted to tax the American colonies as a way of regaining their war costs. A series of actions including the Stamp Act (1765), The Townshend Acts (1767), and the Boston Massacre (1770) agitated the colonists. When the decision was made to tax tea, that was what
13、 spurred the colonists into action, which in turn laid ground work for the American Revolution.,The colonies felt like they had no obligation to pay taxes imposed by a parliament in which they had no representation. Due to this, Parliament retracted the taxes with exception of a duty on tea a demons
14、tration of Parliaments ability and right to tax the colonies. The Americans would now get their tea at a cheaper price than ever before. However, if the colonies paid the duty tax on the imported tea, they would be acknowledging Parliaments right to tax them.,Tea was a staple of the colonial life it
15、 was assumed that the colonists would rather pay the taxes than deny themselves the pleasure of a cup of tea. This did not fool the colonists. The companies sent out the shipments of tea to Philadelphia, New York, Charleston, and Boston. They were not allowed to land in Philadelphia and New York. Th
16、e tea was sent to a warehouse where it rotted. When Boston permitted a total of three ships to dock, it started a reaction of fury among the townspeople.,Early evening, about 200 men disguised as Indians, known as the Sons of Liberty, assembled by the Old South Meeting House under the guidance of Samuel Adams. The crowd marched to the harbor where the three ships were docked and dumped 342 chests of tea overboard. The tea that was dumped was to be valued over 90,000 pounds which is equal t
