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1、高三一轮语法回顾与训练-特殊结构1.倒装：在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。 倒装有两种：部分倒装和完全倒装。部分倒装是指将助动词 (do, does, did, have, has)、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。完全倒装是指将整个谓语提到主语前面。强调：强调句型的被强调内容必须是对that / who后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把it is / wasthat / who去掉，句子成分、意思应该完整。省略：省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句
2、。2.考点归纳一、倒装1. 完全倒装（Full Inversion）谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：（1）表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语（如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall）置于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。There lies a temple near our cottage.Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。South of the r
3、iver lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。（2）主系表结构中的表语位于句首时，用完全倒装。句子结构为：表语 + 连系动词 + 主语。表语可以是：形容词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 不定式。Outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.Present at the meeting were Professor Zhang and man
4、y other guests. 张教授和许多其他客人出席了会议。（3）such置于句首时，用倒装结构。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是艾伯特爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。2. 部分倒装(Partial Inversion)只把谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词或者be动词）置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。（1）否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等置于句首时
5、。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have never seen such a moving film before. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。Not a single mistake did he make. = He didnt make a single mistake. 他一个错也没犯。（2）当not onlybut also连接两个分句时，前一个分句使用部分倒装结构，而后一个分句不倒装。Fortunatel
6、y, not only did I smooth away these difficulties ultimately, but I also learnt how to team up with others. 幸运的是，最终我不仅消除这些困难，而且我也学会了如何与他人合作。During those days, not only did we get our oral English or Chinese improved, but we also learned the significance of cooperation and communication. 那些日子里，不仅我们的英语
7、、汉语口语得到提升，我们也（3）“so / suchthat”句型中，当such / so位于句首时，主句用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。 So clearly does he speak Japanese that he can always make himself understood.（4）No soonerthan ; Hardly when; scarcelywhen（一就）的倒装。No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.（5）表示“绝
8、不”的短语置于句首时其后要用部分倒装。如by no means, in no case, in no way, at no time, on no account, in / under no circumstances等。By no means will I lend him money. 无论如何我绝不会借钱给他了。（6）在Not until结构中，当Not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，从句不倒装。Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。（7）当“only + 状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）”
9、位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。Only then did we find out the truth. 只有那时，我们才查明了真相。Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。From the meaningful activity, I also learnt that only when we are armed with faith and devotion can we get over obstacles. 从这次有意义的活动中，我也学会了只有当我们具备了信念，更加地投入，我们才能克服障碍。only开头的倒
10、装句使用特点：在only开头的部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：() Only after the war learned he the sad news.() Only after the war did he learn the sad news. only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：() Only when did he return did we find out the truth.() Only when he returned did we find out the truth.only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：() Only
11、can he answer the question.() Only he can answer the question. （8）由so, neither, nor引起的句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的倒装。当前后主语一致时只能用nor, 不能用neither。- I am a student. - So am I.She hasnt read it and nor / neither have I. I couldnt find him, nor did I know where he had gone. （9）as / though表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，部分倒装
12、。其结构为：名词（无冠词）/ 形容词 / 副词 / 分词 + as / though + 主语 + 谓语 + 主句；动词（实义动词）+ as / though + 主语 + 助动词 + 主句。Much as / though I like it, I will not buy itExhausted as / though he was, there was no hope of his being able to sleep.Try as you may, he wont listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking. 尽
13、管你可以尝试，他不会听你关于吸烟潜在危险的建议。Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 尽管他尝试了，他没有通过考试。（10）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should时，将if省略，将had, were, should移到主语前，构成部分倒装。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。Were she here, she would agree with us. （=If she
14、were here）如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Were it to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. （=If it were to rain）如果明天下雨，他们不会出去。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. （=If he shoud agree）要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。二、强调句1. 强调句的基本结构：It is (was) + 被强调的部分 + thatIt was your hospitality and consideration on everyday
15、basis that made me feel at home. 你的殷勤好客和生活中的细致贴心让我感觉宾至如归。It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits / that is of benefit to our work most. 不是我们做了多少，而是对我们所做的事情投入多少情感最有利于我们的工作。2、强调句的一般疑问句：Was it (Is it) + 被强调的部分 + that？Is it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？3、强调句的特殊疑问句：Who / What / When+ was / is it + that？- What was it that made Tom wild with joy?- That he succeeded in passing the A-level exam this year. 4、宾语从句中的强调句：主语 + 动词 + who / what / whenit was / is thatDo you know why it was that your parents chose to settle down
