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1、高三一轮语法回顾与训练-介词、数词1.介词是虚词，在句中不能独立使用，后接名词、v.-ing形式或代词。介词可分为简单介词（on, in, at, of, from, about等）、复合介词（如 into, throughout等）、短语介词（according to“根据”、instead of“代替”等）、以及分词介词（concerning / regarding“关于”；considering / given“考虑到”等）。表示数目的词称为基数词；表示顺序的词称为序数词。2.考点归纳介词一、表示时间的介词1. in表示在一段时间之内。如：in the 1950s、in 1989、in
2、summer、in January、in ones thirties在某人三十几岁时、in the morning等。2. on表示具体某一天及某一天的上午、下午和晚上。如：on May 1st、on Monday morning、on a rainy night等。3. at表示在一个时间点上。如：at 3:20, at this time of year, at Christmas, at (mid)night, at noon, at this moment等。4. over用作介词时后面接一段时间，表示“超过”或“在期间”。如：over two months、over the past
3、 few years等。又如：We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们边喝茶边愉快地聊天。5. for用作介词时，后面接时间段，常用于完成时。We have moved here for two years.6. since用作介词时后接具体过去时间，表示“自从以来”，主句用现在完成时。We have not seen each other since two years ago.7. 表示“一段时间之后”：“in+ 一段时间”常用于将来时；“after + 一段时间”常用于一般过去时。My mother will come back in th
4、ree days. He arrived after five days.8. 在last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前不用介词。He went to Japan last year. / We meet every day.We enjoy a variety of colorful activities for an hour, starting at 4:30 every weekday afternoon.9. On / Upon + doing / n.表示“一，就”。 On hearing the shocking news, he burs
5、t into tears. Upon arrival, we began to work immediately.10. by后面接时间，表示“到为止”，常用完成时。He has read about 40 pages of the book by now. （现在完成时）We will have accomplished the work by next month. （将来完成时）By the time I get home, they will have left.By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. （过去完成时）二、
6、表示地点方位的介词1. at, in, on, to（1）at表示在小地方或“在附近；在旁边”。He arrived at the station at ten. He is sitting at the desk.（2）in表示在大地方或“在范围之内”。He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Shandong lies in the east of China.（3）on表示毗邻或接壤。Russia lies on the north of China.（4）to表示“在范围外”，不强调是否接壤。Japan is to the east of China.2. a
7、bove, below, over, under, beneath, on（1）above意为“在上方”；below意为“在下方”。The bird is flying above my head.（2）over意为“在正上方”，under / beneath意为“在正下方”。over还表示空间上“越过”，不直接接触。There is a bridge over the river. The naughty boy climbed over the fence.（3）on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。He put his watch on the desk.三、表示运动方向的介词
8、1. across, through（1）across表示从物体表面穿过。如：across the square / desert / river（2）through表示从物体内部穿过。如：through the pipe / forest2. in, into（1）in用作介词时通常表示静态，意为“在里面”。We walked in the park. 我们在公园里走着。（2）into通常表示动态，意为“进入到里面”。We walked into the park. 我们走进了公园。四、表示原因的介词1. for表原因。be famous for 因闻名 be grateful to sb
9、for sth 因感激某人be sorry for 因感到难过 be to blame for 因应受责备punish / praise / forgive sb for 因惩罚/表扬/原谅某人2. at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到而”。He was surprised / excited at the news.3. with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger.4. over一般用于cry, weep, lau
10、gh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。She wept over the death of her daughter. We laughed over the victory.5. 介词短语。because of / due to / owing to / on account of / as a result of / as a consequence of表原因，意为“因为；由于”。thanks to常意为“幸亏；多亏”。五、表示计量的介词1. at表示“以速度；以价格”。It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. I sold my
11、car at a high price.2. by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。The workers here get paid by the hour. 这里的工人按小时计酬。 The arrow missed him by two inches. 箭差两英寸就射中他了。The output of steel this year has increased by 20% compared with that of 2015. 今年的钢材产量比2015年增长了20%。 六、表示工具或手段的介词1. by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词，如：by bus / by train / by h
12、and / by check / by means of ；或者用by doing结构表示“凭借；靠”。2. with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：with this methodHe broke the window with a stone. 3. in表示“用”时，后面的宾语常不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：in English, in ink, in cash, in red. （注意：in a loud voice, in this / that way）4. on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。如：on the telephone /on the rad
13、io / on the Internet / on TV.七、表示“在之间”的介词1、between表示在两者之间，或者三者以上的每两两之间。2、among表示在三者或三者以上之间。八、表示“除了”的介词1. besides, in addition to表示“除之外；还有”。We have lots of things in common besides / in addition to music. （注意：beside表示“在旁边”）2. except表示“除外”。We all went to see the film except you.3. but与except同义，句中常有no，
14、nobody，nothing等字眼。She had no choice but to wait. = She could do nothing but wait. The problem is anything but easy. 这个问题一点也不容易。4. except for表示“除外”，指在整体中除去某细节或某方面。His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.5. except that / except when表示“除外”，后面接句子。I know nothing about him except that he is f
15、rom Beijing. He is always ready to offer his help except when he is busy.6. apart from既有besides的含义，又有except的含义。Apart from / Besides English, he has a good command of Russian and French. He has no interests, apart from / except his work.九、难掌握的介词1. against反对 / 与.相反 / 违反；靠；以.为背景 / 衬托Are you for or against it? 你是赞同还是反对？ They were rowing against the current. 他们划船逆流而上。A little piano stood against the wall. 一架小钢琴靠墙放着。Her red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 她的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。You should weigh the ben
