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1、高三一轮语法回顾与训练-定语从句一、基本概念1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。它包括关系代词和关系副词。The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作
2、主语。二、基本结构先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。The reason (that) he gave for being late was just an excuse.三、关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词（that / who / whom / whose / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。 Ill never forget the days which / that we spen
3、t in the remote village. Ill never forget the days when / during which we stayed in the remote village. 考点归纳一、只能用that 不能用which的情况1. 当先行词是“人 + 物”时，关系代词用that。2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / something / anything / little / much / the one等）时，关系代词多用that。3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the only / the very / all / eve
4、ry / any / few / no等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用who。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in school.Australia is the only country that is also a continent.二、不能用that的情况1. that不能引导非限定性定语从句。2. 介词后不用that（介词后指人用whom，指物用which）。Spam（垃圾邮件）, which once meant a not-so-good kind of canned meat,
5、 now stands for unwanted junk email. Spam曾经用来指不好的罐装肉，现在代表不想要的垃圾邮件。John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.三、whose引导的定语从句whose可以指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。whose + 名词 = 名词 + of which / whom = of which / whom + 名词Look out! Dont get close to the house whose roof is being re
6、paired.The teacher had a careful talk with Tom, the major problem of whom is poor study habits.四、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：1. 句子的意思；2. 先行词的意义；3. 从句中的动词固定搭配。He was educated at a local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.This is the farm on which he worked two years ago
7、.In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.五、一些特殊的先行词当situation, point, case, activity, scene, atmosphere, condition, stage及period, festival, occasion等作先行词时，要注意具体情况具体分析：先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和表语时，用关系代词that / which引导从句；先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词where / when或“介词 + which”引导从句，表示在某种
8、特定的情形下。I had reached a point in my career where I needed to decide which way to go.What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication?六、as 的用法1. 用在固定搭配the same as；as.as； suchas；so.as中。This is the same bag as I lost last week. This is such a difficult problem as I cant wor
9、k out.2. as引导非限定性定语从句，意思为“正如”常见习惯用语有：as often happens 正如经常发生的那样as is often the case 通常情况是这样as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的as is known / as we know 众所周知As is mentioned above, the number of senior high school students is increasing.As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet
10、.七、注意way（方式）后接定语从句时的引导词先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导（作宾语时，引导词也可以省略）。比较：The way (that / which) he explained to us was quite simple. (把从句补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语。)The way (that / in which) he explained the sentence was simple.
11、(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语。)八、that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别在定语从句中，定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，引导词that在从句中作主语或宾语；在同位语从句中, 同位语从句对同位名词内容起解释说明作用，引导词that不作任何成份。The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. （同位语从句）The idea that he put forward surprises many people. （定
12、语从句） 九、定语从句中的主谓一致1. 关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。2. “one of + 复数名词”作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当代词前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数。Titanic is the only of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which s
13、hows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 强化训练一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _has been proved.2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _the weather may be bette
14、r.3. I live next door to a couple _children often make a lot of noise.4. Many young people, most of _were well-educated, _ (head) for remote regions to chase their dreams.5. It is a truly delightful place, _looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottage
15、s.6. Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _you can hear some lovely music.7. The number of smokers, _is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.8. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _his employees enjoy their work.9. Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.10. Happiness and success often come to those _are good at recognizing their own strengths.11. I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _I went up to rescue a kite that _ (st
