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1、学 海 无 涯英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一 基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。e.g.Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)1.引导词(1)that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。e.g.S
2、hesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.Theyallknow(that)Jimisgoodatskating.(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。e.g.“Areyouinterestedingeography?”shesaid.Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.Imnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.注意：一般情况下，
3、whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外a.介词短语后只用whether不用ife.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwellgoonthepanic.b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.e.g.Icantsaywhetherornothewillcomeontimec.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示如果，不能用whether.e.g.Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.(3)特殊疑问词引导
4、宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为：how,when,where,why,whichwhose.What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。e.g.Whatdoyouwant?Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idontknowhowtodealwithit.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.对比下列句子，看what做什么成分：Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.（what做主语）Hedoesntknowwhattodonow.
5、(做宾语)Heaskedmewhohewas.(who做表语)2.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制e.g.Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?Imsorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态Shedidntknowwhy the boy was late again.(过去一般)Ididntknowif/whether
6、 he had seen the film.（过去完成）Iwonderedwhen she was going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：e.g.Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?（Couldyouplease
7、tellme）CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?*Hassheseenthemovie？（Heasked.）Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.*Couldyoutellmewhats the matter/wrong with you?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：e.g.Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmy
8、math.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。如：e.g.Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.sheforgottotakeit3.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：e.g.Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.三否定转移e.g.
9、Idontthinkheiscool.我认为他并不酷常用词：believe，suppose等四注意问题和易错点1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2.Whether/if用法傻傻分不清（whether是否，if是否/如果）3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢e.g.Idontknowwhosheislookingat.(容易丢了at)4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why，wha
10、t不能用语定从，只用于宾从）5.混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句e.g.Jimdidntknowwhatwaswrongwithhiscomputer.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Haveyoudecided_forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme _ ?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme_ .A.wherewasth
11、ecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema4.Ithink_ youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how5.Ididntknow _ hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how6.Iwonder _ .A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost7.Sheaskedme_.
12、A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis8.Askhim_ .A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup9.Idontknow_ .A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong_.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenil
13、l11.Theweatherforecastdoesntsay_.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow _?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto13.Couldyoutellmewhere _?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_?A
14、.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying15.Tonywantedtoknow_.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking16.Nooneknows _ theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if17.Julydidntknow_.A.whereisTimsfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch18.Noonetoldus_,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo19.Wedontknow_
