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1、学 海 无 涯【名词命题趋势与预测】1、 根据近几年全国各地中考试题对名词部分考查的分析可知,今后对名词部分的考查重点为:2、 名词的可数与不可数性。3、 名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。4、 名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。5、 物质名词、抽象名词具体化。名词词义的区别与固定搭配。【考点诠释】一、名词的各种分类。单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式,包括可数名词的复数的变化规则,少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。【考例】There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. 广东省A. news B. ideas C. mes
2、sages D. thoughts答案A。解析 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词,其中A为不可数名词,B、C、D为名词的复数形式,句中用了连系动词is,所以只有A项正确。My uncle will come to my house for dinnerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him济宁Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice答案B。解析下文说制作蔬菜沙拉,故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school conce
3、rt. 重庆A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers 答案 D。 解析可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert可知,需要挑选的是singers。At night the koala bear gets up and eats_广元A1eaf B1eaves C leafs 答案B。解析考查名词leaf的复数形式。 以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时,一般将f或fe变v后,加es。The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident济南Achildrens Bchildren Cchi
4、ld Dchilds答案A。解析考查名词所有格的用法。three后接复数children,变名词所有格时直接加“s”,故选A。Come on,childrenHelp yourselves to some_ if you like南通Afish and chickenBfishes and chickenCfish and chickensDfishes and chickens答案A。解析fish(鱼肉)和chicken(鸡肉)都是不可数名词。All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own
5、holiday 重庆Aman Bmen Cwoman Dwomen答案D。解析由时间on March 8th可知是妇女节,因此是女教师。“女教师”单数形式用woman teacher,复数形式两个词都要变为复数。故选D。二、不可数名词数量的表达法。用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。Mr Smith always has _to tell us青岛Asome good pieces of newsB some pieces of good news Csome good piece of newes Dsome piece
6、 of good newes 答案A。解析考查名词的数的掌握。 news意为“消息”,是不可数名词,所以C、D两项可排除。形容词修饰类似的词组时,一般放在前面。Would you like to have a look at some pants?They may fit you well一Well,Id like to try those blue_.黄冈Apairs Bone Cpant Dpair答案A。解析pants要用a pair of来修饰,由those blue确定其后接pairs的复数形式,故选A。Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北Yes,
7、 , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange答案 D 解析orange是不可数名词。可用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示它的数量。量词(piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等)是可数名词,可根据情况用单数或复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。 exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. 黄冈A. What an, a B. What, a C. H
8、ow an, the D. How, the 答案 B。 解析news为不可数名词,其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。三、名词所有格及其用法。以-s结尾的单数名词加“”或“s”构成所有格;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加“”;不规则复数名词在词尾加“s”;两者或两者以上共同所有,把“s”加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。_fathers are both scientists 咸宁 AJims and Bob
9、BJims and Bobs CJim and Bobs DJim and Bob答案B。解析当两个人分别拥有时,要在每个人后都加名词所有格的标志“s”来表达。吉姆的父亲和鲍勃的父亲不是一个人,所以在其后都加“s”,故选B。_room is big and brightThey like it very much 河北ATom and Sam BToms find Sam CTom and Sams DToms and Sams答案C。解析本题考查名词所有格的用法。表示两人共同拥有某一事物时,只需要在第二个人的后面加“s”。故选C。Hows Joys skirt?Her skirt is mo
10、re beautiful than . 兰州A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates答案 D。 解析当某物为几个人所共有时,只在最后一个名词后用所有格形式;如表示两者或两者以上分别所有,应在每个名词后用所有格形式。四、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“s”来构成所有格。如:todays newspaperten minutes,walk,Chinas industryExcuse me, is the super
11、market far from here?No, its about _.(浙江宁波)A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walkC. 7 minutes walk D. 7 minutes walk 答案C。解析考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时,则只需要加“”即可,则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minutes walk”。 Come and see me in With pleasureThats what Im expecting哈尔滨 Atwo or three daysBtwo or three days timeCtwo or three days t
12、ime答案:C解析:in后接一段时间,此处表示“两三天的时间”,要用名词所有格形式,因two or three days是复数,直接加“”,故选C。Im going on holiday on the 12thI have to be back at work on the 26th.So Ive got two_ holiday临沂Aweeks Bweeks Cweeks Dweek答案:C解析:本题考查名词所有格的用法。“两周”是复数,用two weeks,weeks变名词所有格时,只需在后面加“”,故选C。五、名词作主语时的主谓一致。主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语为复数,则谓
13、语动词也用复数;主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词 要用复数形式;主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式;谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。六、语境中名词的选择。根据语境确定名词的词义,再根据句法进一步确定词形。Studying in a foreign country is a different _and you can learn a lot盐城Aevent Bexercise Cexperience Dexhibition答案:C解析:由选项及句意“在外国学习是一次不同的并且你能学到许多东西。”可知用experience“经历”最合适。故选C。-Would you like some_?-No, thank you. Im not hungry at all. 陕西省A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee答案C 。解析后文中有hungry,说明上文询问的是关于食品的问题,所以选bread。Its common _that the Japanese eat Sushi 沈阳 Ainformation Bknowledge Cdirecti