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1、学 海 无 涯延续性和非延续性动词一.延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久继续下去或能产生持久的影响。如contain, have, hold, lie, live, make, sit, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait, wear, work等。也包括表示状态感情思维类的，如believe, consider, hate, hope, know, like, love, respect, think, understand, wish等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。可以和“段时间”状语连用表示“段时间”短语,如for +段时间(for 2 years, f
2、or a long time ,for the spring,)；since从句(since he came here)或since+点时间(since last year, since 5 days ago, since leaving school)；how long; always；all day long；until April 等。This book has been lying on the desk for a week.这本书已经在桌子上放一个星期了。(错This book has been put on the desk for a week. 其中put on是瞬间动词)M
3、en wear suits when they attend meetings.男人在开会时穿西装。(错Men put on suits when they attend meetings.其中put on是瞬间动词)She has worked hard for a year.她一年来一直努力工作。(错She has worked hard a year ago. 其中a year ago是点时间)不能和“点时间”状语连用如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间动作,可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。It began to rain at eight yesterday mor
4、ning.昨早8点开始下雨了。(错It rained at eight yesterday morning. 其中rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示“点时间”,前后显然矛盾)When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.你什么时候认识杰克的？两年前。(when可接段时间也可以接点时间)How did you come to know it?你怎么知道这件事的？After lunch it began to rain.午饭后天下起雨来。I cant get used to the wet weather.我不能习惯于这潮湿的天气。可用于各种
5、时态,表示动作延续We will stay in Dalian for the whole summer.我们一夏天将留在大连(一般时)What are you doing? Im doing some dishes.你在干什么？我在洗碗(进行时)They have been watching TV for the whole evening.他们整晚上一直在看电视(完成进行时)表示状态思维感情等延续性动词，一般不可用于进行时。I like his ideas.我喜欢他的主意。(错Im liking his ideas)I understood what he said.我理解他说的话。(错I
6、 was understanding what he said.)表示状态感情思维动词如用进行时则不表示正在“进行”,而表示有三种情况：(一是即将发生的动作；二是感情和强调情况的暂时性；三是一时的表现)：She is having a holiday next Sunday.她下个星期天度假(即将动作)How are you feeling today?你今天感觉怎样？(亲切感情)You are being a good child today.你今天是个乖孩子(一时表现)二.非延续性动词也称瞬间动词、终止性动词、一时性动词，表示动作发生后立即结束，不能延续。如close, open, com
7、e, go, sell, buy, borrow, lend, return, put on, take off, begin, start, finish, break, stop, arrive, leave, move, die, lose, give, answer, ask, add, admit, attack, bring, catch, discover, fall, marry, receive, post, find, take away, set out, happen, renew, go away, shut, hit, jump等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点
8、的状语连用。肯定句中只与“点时间”状语连用two years ago; yesterday, last week, at five oclock, in the winter, in 2000, today, tomorrow等。He went away a long time ago.他已走了很长时间了。(错He went away for a long time. 其go away是非延续性动作)He died 5 years ago.他死了五年了。(错He has died for 5 years.可以改成：He has been dead for5 years./ / It is 5
9、years since he died./ 5 years has passed since he died.)否定句中可与“段时间”连用（即动作没有发生的否定状态是可以延续的）I havent left here for 3 years.我三年没离开这里了。When did she get to know my e-mail address?她何时知道我e-mail地址？I didnt open the window for a week.我一个星期没开窗了。(错I opened the window for a week.)He didnt arrive until the film ha
10、d begun.他直到电影开始才到。(错He arrived until the film had begun.)可与表示笼统时间状语连用I have just bought a new skirt.我刚刚买了一条新裙子。(just时间笼统)He has come to study Chinese.他来学汉语。The train has arrived.火车到了。(时间笼统)Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？(时间笼统)不与how long连用(只限于肯定式)How long can I borrow the car?车子我可以借多久?
11、(错,其中borrow为瞬间动词)。修正如下：How long can I keep the car?How long have you come here?你来这多久了？(错,其中come为瞬间动词) 。修正如下：How long have you been here?(使用延续动词)When did you come here?(使用when适用延续或非延续两种情况的时间词)how long is it since you came here?(使用since从句)一般不用于进行时或完成进行时She has put on a hat.她已戴上帽子(错She has been putting
12、 on a hat.)The car has stopped.车已经停了(错The car has been stopping.)用于进行时、完成进行时，并与“段时间”连用,则表示一个习惯性或反复性的动作。用于进行时还可以表示一个将来的动作The little boy is jumping up and down for several minutes.小男孩上下跳了好几分钟(反复性动作)I have met him every day on the same bus for a year.这一年我在同一辆公交车上每天遇见他(习惯性动作)The train is leaving/ arrivi
13、ng火车就要出站/进站了。The spring is coming.春天就要来了。Were going home.我们要回家了。三延续与非延续性动词转换的五种方法将非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词：arrive herebe herearrive in/ atbe in/at/ stay (in)becomebebegin to know (study)know (study)begin(start)be on(放影,开演)begin/ start to dodoborrow/ lendkeepbreakbe brokenbuy/gethave(买)catch/ get a coldhave
14、 a coldclosebe closedcome backbe backcome herebe herecome outbe outcome to (the island) be on (the island)come to workworkcome tobe in/ on/ atcomebediebe dead/ be gonedressbe dressedfall ill/sick/asleepbe ill/ sick/ asleepfinish/ end/ completebe over (be through)get backbe backget herebe hereget mar
15、ried/ marrybe marriedget readybe readyget to do (逐渐) doget to knowknowget tobe (in) / stay (in)get upbe upgo/get (out)be out go backbe backgo therebe therego to bedbe in bedgo to schoolbe in school/ be a studentgo tobe in/ atgo to townbe in towngo waybe awaygo/get to sleepbe asleep/ sleephear from/ receive a letter from/ get a letter from have a letter from
