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1、学 海 无 涯初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,h
2、ow引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idontknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ithink(that)you will lik
3、e thisschoolsoon.Canyoutellmehow I can gettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwell have themeeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：Idontthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?Doyouthinkhewillcometomorrow?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhatt
4、imeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether
5、,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)2.连接词(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g,Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语
6、从句，从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwellgoonthepinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?c.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导
7、词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。E.g.Couldyoutellmewhatsthematterwrongwithyou?特殊情况：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词doyouthink陈述句语序。3.宾语从句时态a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Doyouknow（if/whetherhehasseenthefilm）?b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：Ididntknow（if/whetherhehadseenthefilm.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而
8、从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun.）Theteachertoldus（thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Hea
9、skedme.HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idontknow.Idontknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive?Doyouknowwherehelives?二、宾语从句的转化1.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmew
10、ithmymaths.Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：IdontknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.Idontknowwhichsweatertobuy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主
11、语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?4.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Haveyoudecided_forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyoul
12、eaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme_.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema4.Ithink_youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how5.Ididntknow_hewillcomeornot.A.tha
13、tB.whetherC.weatherD.how6.Iwonder_.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost7.Sheaskedme_.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis8.Askhim_.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup9.Idontknow_.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.wha
14、ttimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong_.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill11.Theweatherforecastdoesntsay_.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow_?A.whosepenisthisB.whosep
15、enthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto13.Couldyoutellmewhere_?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_?A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying15.Tonywantedtoknow_.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputin
