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1、学 海 无 涯定语从句(初中)在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗
2、号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,
3、who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。例如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.(作主语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?(作宾语)注意:1)当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,who、that、which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构(此时关系代词不能用that代替)。例如:Thisisthehouse(which/that)welivedinlastyear.(可省)Thisisthehouseinwhichwe
4、livedlastyear.(不可省,关系代词不可用that)Pleasetellme(whom/that)youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.(可省)PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.(不可省,关系代词不可用that)2)关系词只能用that的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIha
5、vebeento.b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?=Ididntunderstandthewordsallthathesaid.c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few,no,just等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行
6、词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用
7、which,而不用that.例如:Whatsthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:(同(1)Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先
8、行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。注意:“介词+which/whom”结构有时可与其他关系代词或关系副词互相转换Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.=Thatisthehousewhichmymotherusedtolivein.=Thatisthehouseinwhichmymotherusedtolive.
9、上句中:inwhich=where六:练习(一)1Didyoufindthenotebook_Jimhadgivenmeformybirthday?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose2.Thatsall_Ihaveseenandheard.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what3.Haveyouseentheman_planweweretalkingabout_yesterday?A.who,themB.its,themC.whose,/D.whose,them4.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes_offeredtoanyChineseac
10、tororactresssofar.A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen5.Heneverreadsanything_isnotworthreading.A.thatB.asC.whoD.which6.Theman_coatisblackiswaitingatthegate.A.whosB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich7._cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho8.Thepolicecaughtthe
11、man_stolemyhandbag.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which9.Thegirl_isreadingunderthetree_mysister.A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacher_lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which11.Donttalkaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.Those12.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday
12、?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone13.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone14.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone15.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_couldntbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat16.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday?A.
13、thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout17.Isthereanything_toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs18.-“Howdoyoulikethebook?”-“Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat19.Theywereinterested_youtoldthem.A.inwhichB.inthatC.a
14、llthatD.ineverything20.-Doyouknowthetownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming初中英语定语从句练习题(二)1.Istillrememberthenight_Ifirstcametothehouse.2.Illneverforgettheday_wemeteachotherlastweek.3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_isthebestseasonthere.4.Iwillneverforgetthedays_Ispentwithyourfamily.5.Illneverforgetthelastday_wespenttogether.6.Thisistheschool_Iusedtostudy.7.Doyoustillremembertheplace_wevisitedlastweek?8.Doyoustillremembertheplace_wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,_isfamousfortheWe