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1、语法课堂,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have (has）+ 过去分词,present(now),future,past,do my homework,Mother: John, clean your teeth please.,John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式：主语
2、 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.,例句：,6.Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？ Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。 7.How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned o
3、ff the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),- Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,现在完成时的运用(1): 1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.,a）already
4、往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast y
5、et. Have you had breakfast yet?,b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完
6、成那项工作。,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.,上一页,下一页,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去过颐和园),I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days, since for a long time 连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,上一页,下一页,I have lea
7、rnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间
8、,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自以来) 1)since+时间点 Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 从句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecam
9、ehere. for: (长达） for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for
10、 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (i
11、n/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,become be, begin have , borrow keep
12、, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单, 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了
13、。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days. He ha
14、s been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经
15、去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时
16、注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,四)It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页, 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表
