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1、,Unit 1,Advertising,Grammar and Usage Direct speech and reported speech,直接引语和间接引语,直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句；直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。,直接引语： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?” 间接引语： She said that her brothers name was Tom. He asked me where I lived.,
2、直接引语和间接引语的转换,在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。 1. 直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称。如： She said, “Im hungry.” She said that she was hungry.,2. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：,He said, “Im a policeman.” He said that he was a policeman. He said, “Im playing football now.” He said t
3、hat he was playing football then. He said, “I have done my homework.” He said that he had done his homework.,He said, “I saw a film yesterday.” He said that he had seen a film the day before. He said, “I had learned 3,000 English words by the end of last term. He said that he had learned 3,000 Engli
4、sh words by the end of the term before.,3. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。如下表：,4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或whether。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if / whether she could go shopping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” He asked me if /
5、whether I would have a test on Thursday.,5. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. He asked me what my uncle was.,6. 当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (n
6、ot) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把动词原形变成动词不定时，并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order等动词及其宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在动词不定式前加not。如：,The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.” My mother asked me
7、 to go and help her.,把下列句子改为间接引语,“I dont think I will be able to finish it in time,” Mike said. “Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,” he told his friend.,Mike said that he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.,He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever
8、 seen.,3. The doctor said, “The man has hurt his leg rather badly.” 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?”,The doctor said that the man had hurt his leg rather badly.,My mother asked if my rotten tooth had been pulled out.,5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his you
9、nger brother.,Brown asked his younger brother how he would go to the park.,把下列句子改为直接引语,He asked why people went to hamburger restaurants. The student told his head teacher that he would go to the Great Wall the next day.,He asked, “Why do people go to hamburger restaurants?”,The student said to his
10、head teacher, “Ill go to the Great Wall tomorrow.”,3. I asked her if she enjoyed the movie she had seen. 4. Mr. Wang asked how he could improve his spoken English. 5. She asked me what I had eaten the day before.,I said to her, “Do you enjoy the movie you saw?”,Mr. Wang said, “How can I improve my s
11、poken English?”,She said to me, “What did you eat yesterday?”,He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。,D,“Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I hav
12、e seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句.,D,“Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close 直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask (请求), tell (告诉), order (命令), in
13、vite (邀请), warn (警告), advise (建议)等, 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask / tell / order / invite / warn / advise sb. (not) to do sth.,C,“I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher 直接引语为陈述句, 变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。,D,He said, “Mothe
14、r, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was,C,“Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt
15、you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。,B,Key to Exercise A,2. asked how it could help him remember English words. 3. asked whether / if it taught listening and speaking. 4. asked what the designer would do if she was not
16、 satisfied with the software. 5. asked whether / if it was easy to use.,Key to Exercise B,2. The expert encourages us to use interesting and attractive photos. 3. The expert recommends that we (should) use eye-catching logos. 4. The expert suggests that we (should) make the slogans short and easy to remember. 5. The expert tells us to make good use of colors to attract peoples attention.,
