《法律英语的文体特征课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《法律英语的文体特征课件（39页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、法律英语的文体特点,法律英语,法律英语是指普通法国家以普通英语为基础，在立法和司法过程中逐渐形成的、具有规约性的语言变体。它包括规范性法律文件用语以及法律工作者在执法过程中使用的一整套规范化的法律公务用语。,法律英语的文体特点,准确性accuracy 严谨性conscientiousness 庄重性decency 不宜使用修辞手法和文学笔调inappropriate to use rhetorical devices and literary tone,词汇特点,选词庄重、正式choose of words solemn, formal 古语、借词较多archaisms and loanwor
2、ds are more 术语繁多many terms 近义词成对使用synonyms in pairs 情态动词使用频率高modal verbs of high frequency 指代明确refer specifically 名词性短语居多mostly noun phrases,选词庄重、正式,This Law is enacted for the purpose of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to contracts, maintaining the socio-economic order
3、 and promoting the socialist modernization. enact-make, maintain-keep, promote-speed up 为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设，制定本法。 词汇特点,古语、借词较多,古语 hereby-by this means herein-in this hereof-of or concerning this hereto-to this hereinafter-after this thereafter-after that, accordingly whereby-through,
4、 by that 借词 拉丁语：in personam对人的，属人的， in rem对物的 法语：bar律师界, suit案件, plaintiff原告, indictment起诉，jury陪审团 词汇特点,术语繁多,plaintiff原告 defendant被告 appellant上诉方 appellee被上诉方 prosecutor公诉人 opinion判决书 jury陪审团 词汇特点,近义词成对使用,rights and interests权益 terms and conditions条款 complete and final understanding全部和最终的理解 customs
5、fees and duties关税 loss of and damage to灭失和损坏 null and void无效 sign and issue签发 furnish and provide提供 rules and regulations规章 last will and testament遗嘱 as and when当的时候 上述成对近义词以作为习惯用语使用，这些词组都表示固定的意义，用于写作和翻译时不能随便拆开。 词汇特点,情态动词使用频率高,应当shall, must, shall比must语气强 The present Charter shall be ratified by the
6、 signatory states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. 本宪章的批准应当按照签署国各自宪法程序进行。 The insurance must be issued irrespective of percentage. 保险不得按百分比支付。 不得，禁止shall not, may not，前者语气强于后者 The provisions of this Article shall not apply to the operation of aircraft in the transit, but
7、 shall apply to the air transit of goods. 本条款不适用于过境营运的飞机的规定，但应适用于过境的航空货物。 As a general rule, a treaty may not impose obligations or confer rights on third parties without their consent. 作为一般规则，条约不得在未经第三方同意的情况下，为其设定义务或授予权利。 可以may In order to offset or prevent dumping, a contracting party may levy on
8、any dumped product an anti-dumping duty not greater in amount than the margin of dumping in respect of such product. 为了抵消或防止倾销，一缔约国对倾销产品征收的反倾销税的幅度不能比的上述倾销产品的利润高。 词汇特点,指代明确,由于人称代词常表示作者的主观性并且容易造成混淆，为了确切说明“谁”、“什么”的概念，法律英语中往往宁可重复使用名词也不用代词。 The seller shall not be held responsible for any delay in delive
9、ry or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure. However, the seller shall advise the buyer immediately of such occurrence and within fourteen days thereafter, shall send by airmail to the buyer a certificate issued by the competent government authorities of the place where the accident has occ
10、urred as evidence thereof. Under such circumstances the seller, however, is still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case the accident lasts for more than 10 weeks, the buyer shall have the right to cancel this contract. 由于不可抗力而卖方交货延迟或不能交货时，责任
11、不在卖方。但卖方应立即将情况电告买方，并于事故发生后14日内将事故发生地政府主管机关签发的事故证明书用空邮快件寄交买方为证，并取得买方认可。在上述情况下，卖方仍有义务采取一切必要措施从速交货的责任。如果事故持续超过十个星期，买方有权撤销本合同。 该合同条款中没有使用一个指示代词或不定代词，而是重复所指的名词。 法律英语中常用the said或the same加上一个名词来指代前面提到的名词，可译为“上述的”，“该”。 If any disagreement arises, the said treaty shall be applied. 如有争议，可适用该条约。 No one may eng
12、age in securities business without out approval of the same authority. 未经国务院证券监督管理机构批准，不得经营证券业务。 it 在法律英语中除用作形式主语，形式宾语外，一般少用。 We have deemed it more expeditious to have the parties in advance of the trail. 我们认为在审判之前让双方交换各自要求的书面文件。 词汇特点,名词性短语居多,用名词主语或宾语的中心词，便于使用丰富的限定和修饰成分，相比之下，动词词组无论在使用数量和结构的复杂性程度上都不
13、及名词词组。在法律英语中，名词和名词性词组的频繁使用满足了法律英语的严密性要求 Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter;
14、 but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII. 本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件，且并不要求会员国将该项事件依本宪章提请解决；但此项原则不妨碍第七章内执行办法之适用。,句子特点,结构完整structural integrity 陈述句为基本句式declarative sentence as the basic sentence patterns 长句较多long sentences are more 使用被动句the
15、 use of passive sentences 使用列条法和平行结构the use of enumerative approach and parallel structure 使用插入语the use of parenthesis,结构完整,“Invention” in the Patent Law means any new technical solution relating to a product, a process or an improvement thereof. “Utility Model” in the Patent Law means any new techn
16、ical solution relating to the shape, the structure, or their combination, of a product, which is fit for practical use. “Design” in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, pattern, color, or their combination, of a product, which creates an aesthetic feeling and is fit for industrial application. 专利法所称发明，是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。专利法所称实用新型，是指对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案。 专利法所称外观设计，是指对产品的形状、图案或者其结合以及色彩与形状、图案的结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业应用的新设计。 句子特点,陈述句为基本句式,The Arbitration Commission has one honorar
