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1、1 English Poetry Appreciation -Sonnet 18 1.Rhyme The first 12 lines rhyme every other line and the last two lines end rhymes are the same, which forms the rhyme-scheme of abab, cdcd, efef, gg. (Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Shall I compare thee to a summer s day /ei/ a Thou art more love
2、ly and more temperate: /eit/ b Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, /ei/ a And summer s lease hath all too short a date, /eit/ b Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, /aiz/ c And often is his gold complexion dimed: /imd/ d And every fair form fair sometimes declines, /aiz/ c 2 By chan
3、ce or natures changing course untrimmd: /imd/ d But thy eternal summer shall not fade, /eid/ e Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow st: / ? ? st/ f Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, /eid/ e When in eternal lines to time thou growst. / ? ? st / f So long as men can breathe, or eyes
4、 can see, /i ? / g So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. /i ? / g) 2.Meter Each line in this sonnet is in iambic pentameter which means each line has five feet, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. For example, we can divide the first line into five 3 indepe nd
5、ent feet as “Shall I / compare / thee to/ a sum / mer s day ” with accents on shall, com, thee, a, mer respectively. (Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Shall I/ compare/ thee to/ a sum/mers day Thou art/ more love/ly and/ more tem/perate: Rough winds/ do shake/ the dar/ling buds/ of May, And
6、 sum/mers lease / hath all/ too short/ a date: Sometimes/ too hot/ the eye/ of hea/ven shines And of/ten is/ his gold/ complexion dimmd; And eve/ry fair/ form fair/ sometimes/ declines, By chance/ or na/tu res changing / course un/ trimmd; But thy/ eter/nal sum/mer shall/ not fade, Nor lose/ posse/s
7、sion of/ that fair/ thou ow st; Nor shall/ death brag/ thou wan/derst in / his shade. When in/ eter/nal lines/ to time/ thou grow st: So long/ as men/ can breathe/, or eyes/ can see, So long/ lives this/, and this/ gives life/ to thee.) 4 3.The Rhetorical Devices Simile and Rhetoric Question Example
8、: Shall I compare thee to a summers day Simile: Summer and “you”are not similar on the surface, but virtually they are the representatives of beauty. Rhetoric Question: It is also a rhetorical question, that is, formally it s a question. Readers dont need to answer because the answer is very clear.
9、Metaphor Example: And summer s lease hath all too short a date: The summer s day is compared to a house, which is the thing we lend from the nature. Therefore, it s period of use is limited, and it also insinuates the time that the duration of youth and beauty is limited. Personification Example: An
10、d often is his gold complexion dimmd; Obviously the poet compares the sun to a man, so he depicts his complexion. (Complexion is usually used to describe someone.) Hyperbole 5 Example: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, According to the laws of nature, every beautiful thing will gradually lose t
11、heir beauty, so how can the beauty of the person who the poet describes be eternal 4.Theme In the beginning quatrain, the poet compares his friend to a beautiful summers day in order to arouse readers wonderful imagination. However, the poet realizes that the metaphor can t express his high praise f
12、or his friend because summer will fade away though it s beautiful. Then how to make the beauty of his friend eternal The poet finally thinks of the poetry. He thinks that with the power of the poem, he can make the beauty of his friend immortal. That is to say, the beauty of his friend is immoral in that the poetry is eternal. In a word, the poem expresses the two themes. For one thing, the poet highly praises the beauty of his friend, and for another thing, the poet also eulogizes the poetry art s beauty and immortality. 6
