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1、人教版初中八年级上册英语语法汇总 1) leave的用法 1. “leave+ 地点”表示“离开某地” 。例如 When did you leave Shanghai 你什么时候离开上海的 2. “leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地” 。例如 Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3. “leave+ 地点+for+ 地点”表示“离开某地去某地” 。例如 Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing 你为什么要离开上海去北京 2) 情态 动词 should “应该”学会使用 sh
2、ould作为情态动词用常常表示意外、 惊奇、不能理解等有“竟 会”的意思例如 How should I know 我怎么知道 Why should you be so late today 你今天为什么来得这么晚 should有时表示应当做或发生的事例如 We should help each other. 我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或 责备晚辈。例如 You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如 You should go t
3、o the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒 服你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。 should 的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之 一。例如 We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What. 与 Which. 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词都可以指人或事物但是 what 仅用来询问职业。如 What is your father 你父亲是 干什么的 该句相当于 What does your father d
4、o What is your fathers job Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如 -Which is Peter 哪个是皮特 -The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What.是泛指所指的事物没有范围的限制而 Which. 是特指所指的事物有范围的限制。如 What color do you like best 所有颜色 你最喜爱什么颜色 Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow 有 特定的范围 你最喜爱哪一种颜色 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。
5、如 Which pictures are from China 哪些图片来自中国 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些 always总是一直 usually通常 often常常经常 sometimes有时候 never从不 2. 频度副词的位置 a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如 David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如 We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在 710 去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾用来表示强调。如 S
6、ometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家有时我骑自行车。 放在句首时主语、谓语动词要倒装。如 Never have I been there. 5) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语译为“每一天”。如 We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天 710 去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday Engl
7、ish on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。 Whats your everyday activity 你的日常活动是什么 6) 什么是助动词 1. 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词Auxiliary Verb 。被协助的动词称作主要动词Main Verb。 助动词自身没有词义不可单独使用例如 He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。 doesnt是助动词无词义like是主要动词有词义 2. 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用可以用来 a. 表示时态例如 He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married.
8、他已结婚。 b. 表示语态例如 He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句例如 Do you like college life 你喜欢大学生活吗 Did you study English before you came here 你来这儿之 前学过英语吗 d. 与否定副词 not 合用构成否定句例如 I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气例如 Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参 加晚会。 He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 3. 最常用的助动词有be
9、, have, do, shall, will, should, would 7) forget doing/to do与 remember doing/to do to do 忘记要去做某事。 ( 未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 ( 已做) The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着它忘记关了。 (没有做关灯的动作 ) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯 了。( 已做过关灯的动作 ) Dont forget to come
10、tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做 ) 典型例题 - The light in the office is still on. - OhI forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案C 。 由 the light is still on 可知灯亮着即关灯的动作没有发生 因此用 forget to do sth.而 forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了 而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
11、remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学 后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗 8) Its for sb.和 Its of sb. sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点表示客观形式的形容词如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等 Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学 两门外语是
12、很难的。 sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格品德表示主观感情或态度的 形容词如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我你真是太好 了。 与 of 的辨别方法 用介词后面的代词作主语用介词前边的形容词作表语造个句 子。如果道理上通顺用of不通则用 for 。如 You are nice. (通顺所以应用 of) 。 He is hard. (人是困难的不通因此应用 for 。) 9) 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势 现在采取的作法是对一
13、个句子进行自由提问。例如 句子The boy in blue has three pens. 提问 has three pens boy has three pens does the boy in blue have many pens does the boy in blue have 很显然学生多了更多的回答角度也体现了考试的灵活性。 再如 句子He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提问 usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sun
14、day does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday does he usually go to the park with his friends 10) so 、such 与不定冠词的使用 与
15、不定冠词 a、an 连用结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词” 。如 He is so funny a boy. Jim has so big a house. 与不定冠词 a、an 连用结构为“ such+a/an+形容词+名词” 。 如 It is such a nice day. That was such an interesting story. 11) 使用-ing 分词的几种情况 1. 在进行时态中。如 He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine oclock last night. 2. 在 there be结构中。如 There is a boy swimming in the river. 3. 在 have fun/problems结构中。如 We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain. 4. 在介词后面。如 Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball. 5. 在以下结构中 enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事 feel l
