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1、托福基础阅读之一,托福阅读概况介绍,1、形式特点：,关键数据： 新：20 750 6-10 12-14 老：10 350 3-4 9-11,1、形式特点：,文章形式两个改变： （1）单位时间理解信息量增多 （2）信息点间组织结构更复杂,考试形式三个改革： 由纸面阅读变为屏幕阅读 出现加试题 阅读出现在口语和写作中 读-听-说 读-听-写,1、形式特点：,2、内容特点:,包括： （1）生命科学类 （2）天文地理类 （3）欧美历史类 （4）文艺发明类 （5）部分二级学科：社会学心理学考古学,2、内容特点:文章体裁,说明exposition 陈述historical 议论argumentation,
2、2、内容特点:常见误区,无需专业知识 The passages will cover a variety of different subjects. Dont worry if youre unfamiliar with the topic of a passage. All the information needed to answer the questions will be in the passage. 专业知识一律自带解释,补充阅读材料,老托福阅读真题 英美学术杂志（National Geographic, New Scientist） 英语原版大学教材 百科全书（Wiki）,
3、3、阅读题型介绍,10大题型 每篇文章12-14题,词汇题：3-5道/篇 Vocabulary Questions The word locomotion in the passage is closest in meaning to 与文中单词X意义最接近的是 evolution movement survival escape,指代题： 0-2道/篇 Reference Questions The word they in the passage refers to 文章中的代词X指的是 applied-art objects the laws of physics containers
4、the sides of pots,句子简化题: 0-1道/篇 Sentence Simplification Questions Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 下面四句话中,哪句话能最好得表达原文中勾出句的主要意思? 不正确的选项将在重要方面改变
5、原文意思或遗漏关键信息 .,插入句子题: 0-1道/篇 Insert Text Questions Scholars offer three related but different opinions about this puzzle. One opinion is that the paintings were a record of the seasonal migrations made by herds. Because some paintings were made directly over others, obliterating them, it is probable
6、that a paintings value ended with the migration it pictured. Unfortunately, this explanation fails to explain the hidden locations, unless the migrations were celebrated with secret ceremonies. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 上文中标注 的
7、位置是如下句子可能插入的地方 All three of them have strengths and weaknesses, but none adequately answers all of the questions the paintings present. Where would the sentence best fit? 请找出最适合这句话的位置。,事实信息题：3-6道/篇 Factual Information Questions According to paragraph1, which of the following is true of wildbeests? 根
8、据文章第1段，下列关于“角马”的描述哪个是正确的？ They eat more stem matter than zebras do. They are able to digest large food particles if the food is of a high quality. They tend to choose feeding areas in which the vegetation has been worn down. They are likely to choose low-quality food to eat in periods when the quant
9、ity of rainfall is low.,排除题：0-2道/篇 Negative Factual Information Questions According to the paragraph1, all of the following were true of American art in the late 1800s and early 1900s EXCEPT: 根据原文第1段，下列关于19世纪末20世纪初的美国艺术的描述，不正确的是？ Most Americans thought art was unimportant. American art generally cop
10、ied European styles and traditions. Most Americans considered American art inferior to European art. American art was very popular with European audiences.,修辞目的性题：0-2道/篇 Rhetorical Purpose Questions Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Rena
11、issance? 作者为什么提到意大利早期文艺复兴时期的青铜马雕像？ To provide an example of a problem. To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws. To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists. To note an exceptional piece of art.,推断题：0-2道/篇 Inference Questions Which of the following can be inferred from
12、paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century? 根据原文第1段，关于19世纪之前的蜡烛能推断出什么 They did not smoke when they were burned. They produced a pleasant odor as they burned. They were not available to all. They contained sulfuric acid.,段落小结题： 0-1道/篇 Prose Summary An introductory sentence for a brief su
13、mmary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. Thi
14、s question is worth 2 points. 如下是关于本篇文章大意的一句简短概括。请从如下6个选项中选出3个最能代表文章主要意思的总结。本题分值2分。 这篇文章讨论了应用艺术和精细艺术之间的基本区别。 ,图表题： 0-1道/篇 Fill in a Table Directions: Complete the table below to summarize information about the two types of art discussed in the passage. Match the appropriate statements to the types o
15、f art with which they are associates. This question is worth 3 points. 请选择和文中讨论的2种艺术相关的概括性信息完成表格。将艺术类型和相关陈述进行匹配。本题分值3分。,(2)summary：重要性分布,词汇题+事实题60% 段落+图表 句简+句插+指代 推断 修辞 排除,一、新托福阅读概述 小结,考试目的 考试内容与形式 考试题型和目标分数 能力要求与我们目前的差距 如何填补,二、新托福阅读的能力要求：,1、OG要求： Read to find the information Read for basic comprehe
16、nsion 概念密集、语言复杂,解决方法： 精简重复性内容 精简可预知内容：对比类比 精简补充性细节内容,障碍一：阅读速度,障碍二：词汇及语法有效支撑不足,1）针对词汇的解决办法： 需记忆:特定话题高频词 parasitism 需推断:学术概念低频词 endo-parasite 一带而过:特定称谓低频词 Cuckoo 托福考试越来越突出推断词义的能力,障碍二：词汇及语法有效支撑不足,2）针对语法的解决办法： 舍弃应试思维，还原语法本质,障碍三：不能区分信息重要层级,解决方法： 区分主次 变速阅读 信息点重点要点,障碍四：不能构建信息点关联架构,解决方法： 建立逻辑模型 提炼架构笔记,障碍五：主动推测与预测能力,解决方法： 主动总结要点 （总结） 填补逻辑空白 （预测）,
